Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Bio HL chapter 1.2 vocab
Mr. Harris
33
Biology
11th Grade
09/07/2015

Additional Biology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Prokaryote
Definition
An organism that consists of prokaryotic cells. Examples are bacteria.
Term
Prokaryotic
Definition
An ancient form of cell that contains no nucleus and no internal membranes
Term
ultrastructure
Definition
structure that can only be seen using an electron microscope
Term
Escherichia coli (E. coli)
Definition
a species of bacteria (prokaryote) that lives in your intenstines
Term
cell wall
Definition
forms a protective layer that prevents damage from outside and gives the cell shape. Made of cellulose in plants.
Term
plasma membrane
Definition
the membrane that surrounds the cell, controls entry and exit of substances, pumping some of them in by active transport.
Term
cytoplasm
Definition
the mainly water-based substance inside a cell excluding the nucleus
Term
pili
Definition
hair-like structures projecting from the cell wall of prokaryotic cells, can be ratcheted in and out and used to attach to neighbouring cells.
Term
flagella
Definition
a whip-like structure projecting from cells, normally used for locomotion. In prokaryotes flagella are solid protein structures with a corkscrew shape, in eukaryotes they are protrusions of the plasma membrane.
Term
ribosomes
Definition
small granular structures made of protein and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) that synthesise proteins by translating messenger RNA
Term
nucleoid
Definition
region of the cytoplasm in prokaryotes that contains naked DNA.
Term
naked DNA
Definition
DNA that is not arranged into chromosomes or attached to proteins
Term
electron microscope
Definition
a microscope that uses electrons rather than light to take images. Has a resolution of 0.05nm, whereas a powerful light microscope has a resolution of 200nm.
Term
electron micrograph
Definition
an image made by an electron microscope
Term
binary fission
Definition
a form of asexual reproduction in prokaryotes where one "parent" cell splits in half to produce two new "daughter" cells
Term
Eukaryote
Definition
An organism that consists of eukaryotic cells. Examples are: animals, plants, fungi, protists.
Term
Eukaryotic cells
Definition
a group of cells that contain a nucleus and other organelles made of membranes.
Term
free ribosomes
Definition
ribosomes that are not attached to an endoplasmic reticulum
Term
rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Definition
an organelle composed of flattened sacs of membrane with ribosomes attached to it. Is where proteins are synthesised that will eventually be secreted from the cell.
Term
smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Definition
an ER that lacks ribosomes
Term
lysosome
Definition
a membrane bound organelle that stores digestive enzymes
Term
Golgi apparatus
Definition
a series of flattened membrane sacs that processes proteins before secretion
Term
mitochondrion
Definition
an organelle that carries out aerobic respiration
Term
nucleus
Definition
stores the genetic material
Term
nuclear envelope
Definition
the membrane that forms the outer layer of the nucleus
Term
cytoplasm the
Definition
mainly water-based substance inside a cell excluding the nucleus
Term
70S ribosomes
Definition
smaller ribosomes found in prokaryotes
Term
80S ribosomes
Definition
larger ribosomes found in eukaryotes
Term
compartmentalisation
Definition
the separation of cellular activities into various compartments or organelles inside the cell
Term
cell wall
Definition
structure that protects the cell and gives it shape
Term
glycoproteins
Definition
proteins with carbohydrate chains attached to them, involved in cell communication and immune response
Term
collagen
Definition
a structural protein consisting of long fibres
Term
extracellular matrix
Definition
structures that exist outside the cell membrane, in animals this is usually collagen and glycoproteins
Supporting users have an ad free experience!