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Bio FInal
n/a
130
Biology
Undergraduate 2
12/11/2012

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Term
These are the primary cellular sites for the assembly of proteins
Definition
Ribosomes
Term
Structural features that influence the shapes of cells are:
Definition
Microfilaments
Term
Organelles used to move chromosomes are the:
Definition
Microtubules
Term
Which liberates the most energy in the form of ATP?
Definition
Aerobic respiration
Term
Which process propels the food down the esophagus into the stomach?
Definition
Peristalsis
Term
Which of the following organs of the digestive system is different from the other four because it does NOT produce any secretions that aid in the digestive process?
Definition
esophagus
Term
The digestion of fat mostly occurs in the
Definition
Small intestine
Term
Concerning the role of the pancreas in digestion:
Definition
no digestion occurs in the pancreas
Term
Which of the following are tiny projections of the mucosal wall?
Definition
Villi
Term
Which of the following are absorbed by the lymphatic system?
Definition
Both monoglycerides and fatty acids
Term
Which organ takes glucose out of the blood and stores it as glycogen?
Definition
Liver
Term
Bulk in the diet
Definition
Prevents diarrhea and irritable colon syndrome
Term
Which of the following should be present in the human diet in the highest percentage?
Definition
Carbohydrate
Term
People who do not eat meat (vegetarians) must choose their food carefully to get the necessary
Definition
Amino acids
Term
Lipids can serve in all but which of the following capacities?
Definition
Enzymes
Term
Which vitamin functions in forming a blood clot?
Definition
K
Term
The constituent of hemoglobin whose absence leads to anemia is:
Definition
Iron
Term
Obese people have a greater risk of:
Definition
all of these (diabetes, atherosclerosis, high blood pressure, death at all ages)
Term
The plasma protein associated with immunity is:
Definition
gamma globulin
Term
In humans, which cell does NOT have a nucleus when mature?
Definition
erythrocytes
Term
Stem Cells:
Definition
Retain the ability to divide and give rise to groups of cells
Term
Which blood type is the universal donor?
Definition
O
Term
Which blood type is the universal recipient?
Definition
AB+
Term
Blood in arteries
Definition
Always travels away from the heart
Term
What occurs during systole?
Definition
The heart muscles contract
Term
The pulmonary circulation
Definition
Leads to, through and from the lungs
Term
In the human systemic circuit, blood will pass through all but which of the following?
Definition
Lungs
Term
The heart:
Definition
will contract as a result of stimuli from the sinoatrial node
Term
Blood pressure is the highest in the:
Definition
aorta
Term
All but which of the following can be called a pathogen?
Definition
cancer
Term
All of the following are white blood cells EXCEPT
Definition
erythrocytes
Term
The markers that identify "self" are actually:
Definition
Proteins
Term
Which immunoglobulin is able to pass the placenta to protect the fetus form pathogens?
Definition
IgG
Term
Which of the following statements is false?
Definition
The primary immune response is faster and more complete than a secondary immune response
Term
Which of the following statements is false?
Definition
Allergies are a nuisance but are never dangerous or life threatening
Term
Sperm are produced in the:
Definition
testes
Term
Seminal fluid is produced by the:
Definition
all except the "urinary bladder."
Term
Which of the following is the site where sperm are stored?
Definition
epididymis
Term
Which of the following statements is false?
Definition
Because males do not have a follicle, the follicle-stimulating hormone has no function in males
Term
The passage way that channels ova from the ovary into the uterus is known as:
Definition
an oviduct
Term
The following are correct during cellular respiration EXCEPT:
Definition
EITHER:
-Most energy is produced during glycolysis
OR
-Most energy is produced by the Citric Acid Cycle
Term
Which of the following statements is NOT true of the human female?
Definition
She will produce more gametes than her male counterpart
Term
Which of the following hormones is exclusively female?
Definition
Progesterone
Term
FSH and LH are secreted by the
Definition
anterior pituitary
Term
The menstrual flow is the result of
Definition
No implantation of a zygote, discarded uterine linings, and decreased levels of progesterone
Term
Menstrual flow results in the discharge of
Definition
The enodmetrial lining
Term
At the end of gastrulation, which of the following are produced?
Definition
embryos with germ layers
Term
Select the correct sequence of animal developmental events
Definition
fertilization > cleavage > blastula > gastrula
Term
The process of cleavage most commonly produces a
Definition
Morula
Term
Which embryonic tissue is incorrectly associated with its derivative
Definition
skin from mesoderm
Term
Muscles differentiate from which tissue?
Definition
Mesoderm
Term
During which of the following do sets of cells become structurally and functionally unique and arranged into tissues and organs?
Definition
Organogenesis
Term
Fertilization in mammals occurs in the:
Definition
Oviduct
Term
During a human pregnancy, implantation occurs at which stage?
Definition
Blastocyst
Term
During human development, which of the following gives rise to the embryo?
Definition
Inner cell mass
Term
In an ectopic pregnancy, implantation occurs
Definition
any of these (in the oviduct, on the outside of the uterus, on the abdominal wall, on the surface of the ovary)
Term
The fact that a blastocyst has been implanted in the uterine wall can be demonstrated by the presence of:
Definition
human chorionic gonadotropin
Term
In humans, the fluid immediately surrounding the embryo is contained in the
Definition
amnion
Term
What is the name of the birth defect in which the neural tube fails to close completely
Definition
spina bifida
Term
Which of the following does NOT occur in the first trimester?
Definition
detection of movement of the fetus
Term
The soft, fuzzy hair covering the body of a fetus in the second trimester is called
Definition
lanugo
Term
Which drug, if taken during pregnancy, results in infants with arms or legs
Definition
thalidomide
Term
Exposure to which of the following would cause a newborn to experience improper nervous system development, chronic irritability, oxygen deprivation and long term emotional problems?
Definition
cocaine
Term
Which of the following is NOT true of aging cardiovascular systems?
Definition
Blood vessel walls become more elastic
Term
The chromosomes and genes are actually replicated during
Definition
interphase
Term
In eukaryotic cells, which can occur during meiosis
Definition
all of these (the duplication of chromatids, the replication of DNA, pairing of homologous chromosomes, fragmentation and disappearance of nuclear envelope and nucleolus
Term
Through meiosis:
Definition
all of these are true: (alternate forms of genes are shuffled, parental DNA is divided and distributed to forming gametes, the diploid chromosome number is reduced to haploid, offspring are provided with new gene combinations)
Term
Copies of chromosomes linked together at their centromeres at the beginning of meiosis are appropriately called what kind of chromatids?
Definition
sister
Term
Chiasmata provide evidence of:
Definition
crossing over
Term
Under favorable conditions, during which phase of meiosis will the chromosomes appear as packets of four chromatids?
Definition
Prophase 1
Term
Crossing over is one of the most important events in meiosis because:
Definition
it produces new arrays of alleles on chromosomes
Term
Which of the following descriptions of Mendel is incorrect?
Definition
He was simply lucky to work out the laws of genetics
Term
If short hair (L) is dominant to long hair (l), animals LL and Ll have the same
Definition
phenotypes
Term
If all offspring of a cross have the genotype Aa, the parents of the crosses would most likely be:
Definition
AA x aa
Term
In a Punnett square, the letters within the little boxes represent:
Definition
offspring genotypes
Term
76. Susan, a mother with type B blood, has a child with type O blood. She claims that Craig, who has type A blood, is the father. He claims that he cannot possibly be the father. Further blood tests ordered by the judge reveal that Craig is AB. The judge rules that:
Definition
Craig is right and doesn't have to pay child support
Term
DNA coding regions that affect the same trait are called:
Definition
alleles.
Term
With respect to chromosomes, the difference between normal human males and females is defined by which of the following?
Definition
In males an X is replaced by a Y.
Term
A condensed female X chromosome is called a:
Definition
Barr body
Term
Amniocentesis is:
Definition
used in prenatal diagnosis to detect chromosomal mutations and metabolic disorders in embroys
Term
The most recent technique for analyzing the genetics of the unborn child involves the sampling of:
Definition
the chorionic villi
Term
Gene replacement therapy:
Definition
substitutes defective alleles with normal ones
Term
An autosomal recessive disorder
Definition
will appear only in children of parents who both carry the gene
Term
In which of the following does the onset of symptoms usually occur after child bearing age?
Definition
Huntington's
Term
Familial hypercholesterolemia is a condition explainable by:
Definition
autosomal dominance ( MAY BE DIFFERENT WORDING ON THE TEST)
Term
If a daughter expresses an X-linked recessive gene, she inherited the trait from:
Definition
both parents
Term
A human X-linked recessive gene may be:
Definition
both passed to daughters from their fathers and passed to sons from their mothers
Term
A human X-linked gene is
Definition
found on the X chromosome
Term
Males tend to be affected in greater numbers by X-linked recessive genetic disorders than are females because
Definition
males have only one recessive gene for the disorder
Term
Which of the following conditions is characterized by a karyotype with 45 chromosomes
Definition
Turner syndrome
Term
Each DNA strand has a backbone that consists of alternating
Definition
sugar and phosphate molecules
Term
The first disease for which a successful vaccination was developed was:
Definition
Smallpox
Term
All but which of the following are good barriers to invasion by microbes?
Definition
Broken Skin
Term
White blood cells are derived from stem cells in the:
Definition
bone marrow
Term
Terms that describe the immune response include all of the following EXCEPT:
Definition
General
Term
Which cells produce and secrete antibodies that set up bacterial invaders for subsequent destruction by macrophages?
Definition
B cells
Term
Which cells are held in reserve to be used for a rapid response to subsequent intruders of the same type?
Definition
Memory
Term
Which cells directly destroy body cells infected by viral or fungal parasites?
Definition
Cytotoxic T
Term
Mutant and cancerous cells are destroyed by which cells?
Definition
Cytotoxic T
Term
The three dimensional structure of antibodies are shaped like the letter:
Definition
Y
Term
Which of the following is NOT included in the lymphatic system?
Definition
liver
Term
Which of the following acts as "filters" in the lymph system?
Definition
Lymph nodes
Term
Organ transplants are safest between
Definition
identical twins
Term
Passive immunity can be obtained by:
Definition
either receiving antibodies by injection or receiving antibodies from mother at birth
Term
The purpose of a vaccine is to:
Definition
Produce a mold case of the disease, stimulate the immune response, and cause memory cells to be formed
Term
When the body's defenses turn against its own cells, the disorder is called
Definition
An autoimmune response
Term
Cancer cells:
Definition
all of these (have altered plasma membranes, are unable to attach to other cells, divide to produce high densities of cells, and have a different metabolism, using glycolysis even when oxygen is available)
Term
Cancerous growths appear to grow faster than the tissues around them because
Definition
They do not stop dividing even when crowing occurs
Term
The spread of a cancer from one site to others in the body is known as:
Definition
metastasis
Term
Proto-oncogenes
Definition
operate in healthy cells
Term
A mutation in a tumor supressor gene would most likely:
Definition
increase the possibility of cancer
Term
The specific name given to a cancer-producing chemical is
Definition
carcinogen
Term
For most people, the greatest radiation risk leading to cancer is:
Definition
sun exposure
Term
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) primarily destroys which cells?
Definition
helper T
Term
Which of the following statements is false?
Definition
Antibodies to the AIDS virus can be detected immediately after infection occurs
Term
Which of the following does not participate in the recognition of pathogens?
Definition
Mast cell
Term
Enzymes recognize their specific substrates based on:
Definition
Shape of the active site
Term
Some environmental pollutants are called hormone disruptors because they
Definition
Bind to estrogen receptors
Term
The digestion of which class of foods begins in the mouth?
Definition
Carbohydrates
Term
If purple is dominant in pea plants, a cross between P generation purple and white plants will result in:
Definition
all purple flowers in the F1 generation
Term
Which of the following is a test cross? (y means the allele's identity is unknown)
Definition
RyMy x rrmm
Term
Your parents are both heterozygous for sickle cell disease. What is the probability that you will have the disease
Definition
25% regardless of the health of your 3 sibilings
Term
If your mother has cystic fibrosis, which is caused by a recessive allele, the odds of you inheriting the disease are:
Definition
More information is needed to determine the odds
Term
Snapdragons have incomplete dominance of the red and white alleles. What will be the phenotypes and ratios of the F2 generation?
Definition
25% red, 50% pink, 25% white
Term
Which of the following is NOT subject to polygenic inheritance?
Definition
flower color in snapdragons.
Term
Scientists believe that mitochondria may have evolved from ancient bacteria because
Definition
both have their own DNA and ribosomes
Term
Which of the following is responsible for making the most amount of cellular energy?
Definition
mitochondria
Term
The golgi complex
Definition
receives proteins made in the rough ER and chemically modifies them
Term
Unsaturated tails of lipids
Definition
have kinks in them and lessen the interaction between adjacent fat
Term
The organelle that degrades potentially harmful drugs to harmless substances is the:
Definition
perioxisome
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