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BIO CHAPTER 7
n/a
40
Biology
Undergraduate 1
03/02/2009

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Term
while metabaolizing glucose, what can tells trap?
Definition
cells trap free energy during what metabolizm?
Term
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → goes to what?
Definition
what makes these?→ 6CO2 + 6H2O
Term
the combustion of glucose also does what?
Definition
this process also captures the energy stored in glucose
Term
ADP + Pi + free energy make what?
Definition
what makes ATP?
Term
how much energy does the combustion of glucose form?
Definition
this combustion/metabolism is -686 kcal/mol (-2870 kJ)
Term
the 3 processes that harvest energy from glucose are?
Definition
glycolysis, cellular respiration, fermentation do what?
Term
what does glycolisis make?
Definition
what procuces 2 pyruvate, 4 ATP and 2 NADH
Term
does gylcolosis require oxygen?
Definition
no, this does not require oxygen
Term
cellular respiration does what?
Definition
this uses oxygen and completely converts the pyruvates into 3CO2 and makes energy to transform ADP and phosphate into 32 ATP
Term
does cellular respiration require oxygen?
Definition
yes, this requires oxygen
Term
how many ATP does glycolosis and cellular respiration form respectivly?
Definition
4 and 32 (30 net) molecules of ATP are produced respectivly to waht?
Term
fermentation does what?
Definition
this produces lactic acid or ethanol from pyruvate to produce 2 molecules of ATP and CO2 but does not use ozygen
Term
when O2 is available what are the 4 pathways that lead to ATP follow this cycle?
Definition
glycolysis that makes pyruvate, pyruvate oxidation,this into citric acid cycle, this into electron transport chain
Term
Leo the lion says what?
Definition
who says Ger?
Term
what acts as an electron carrier in redox reactions?
Definition
NAD+ acts as what during redox?
Term
NAD+ + 2H→ makes what?
Definition
what makes?→NADH+ H+
Term
how many steps are in glycolosis?
Definition
there are 10 steps in this process
Term
how to the steps of glycolsis split?
Definition
5 of which are energy-investing reactions (endergonic- uses 2 ATP) and 5 of which are energy-harvesting reactions (exergonic- releases 4 ATP)
Term
the oxidation of pyruvate to acetate also coverts what?
Definition
what coverts to acetyl CoA?
Term
Coenzyme A is formed from what?
Definition
this is 2 carbons bonded to an acetate molecule
Term
what happens when pyruvate diffuses into the mitochondrion?
Definition
pyruvate is oxidized to a two-carbon acetyl group and CO2 is released,
Term
how many steps and what is oxidized into what in the citric acid cycle
Definition
consists of 8 reactions that completely oxidizes two-carbons acetyl group to two molecules of carbon dioxide
Term
what are the 8 steps of the citric acid cycle?
Definition
citrate, isocitrate, ketoglutrate, succinyl, succinate, fumarate, malate, oxaloacetate
Term
what are the imputs of the citric acid cycle?
Definition
inputs of waht: acetate (CoA), water, oxidized electron carriers (NAD+ and FAD)
Term
what are the outputs of the citric acid cylce?
Definition
outputs of?: carbon dioxide, reduced electron carriers (NADH and H+ and FADH2), and a small amount of ATP
Term
where does fermentation occur?
Definition
which energy harvesting thing occurs in the cytosol?
Term
what does fermentation use?
Definition
uses NADH and H+ formed by glycolysis
Term
what does fermentation produce/reduce?
Definition
reduces pyruvate and regernerates NAD+
Term
two types of fermentation?
Definition
lactic acid and ethanol/alcoholic are what?
Term
what drives glycolosis?
Definition
NAD+ drives what?
Term
where does ATP production occur?
Definition
occurs both in electron transport chain and in chemiosmosis
Term
what does the electron chain transport contain?
Definition
large integral proteins, smaller mobile proteins and an even smaller lipid molecule
Term
what is cytochrome-c?
Definition
this is a small peripheral protin that lies in the intermembrane space
Term
what makes a proton-motive force?
Definition
a proton concentration gradient and the charge difference btw layers makes what?
Term
proton-motive force is coupled with what?
Definition
ATP synthesis is coupled with what?
Term
what is chemiosmosis?
Definition
this is the coupling of proton-motive force and ATP synthesis
Term
what are the end products of glycolosis in aerobic VS anaerobic respiration?
Definition
pyruvate VS enthanol or lactate
Term
in glycholosis, the key control enzyme that is inhibited by excess ATP is called?
Definition
phosphofructokinase
Term
fatty acids a broken down ___ at a time
Definition
2-carbons
Term
in aerobic cells, the COMPLETE oxidation of glucose produces how many ATP?
Definition
36-38 ATP
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