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bio ch. 9-14
test 3
68
Biology
Undergraduate 1
04/06/2011

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Term
wen cell undergo _______ daughter cells inherit DNA, organelles,& cytoplasm
Definition
mitosis
Term
DNA wraps around proteins known as ________ in eukaryotes
Definition
histones
Term
Interpahse is the _______ part of da cell cycle
Definition
longest
Term
DNA replication occurs
Definition
tween G1& G2 phases & during da S phase
Term
cells dat have 1 set, /half da #of chromosomes as most odda cells r
Definition
gametes
Term
da chromosomes r pulled 2 opp ends of da cell during
Definition
anaphase
Term
da chromosomes r fixed w/a chem prior 2 imaging 2 make a karyotype during
Definition
metaphase
Term
asexual reproduction
Definition
produced genetic clones
Term
thru meiosis:
Definition
alternate 4ms of genes r shuffled
parental DNA is divided& distributed 4ming gametes
da diploid chromosome #is reduced 2 haploid
offspring r provided w/new gene combos
Term
homologous chromosomes
Definition
r da same size
carry info 4 da same char (even tho alleles may no b da same)
r in paires, 1 chromosome from da father & 1 from da mother
pair up during meiosis
Term
meiosis typically results in da production of
Definition
4 haploid cells
Term
crossing over
Definition
alters da comp of chromosomes& results in new combos of alleles being channeled in2 da daughter cells
Term
which is true of human chromosomes
Definition
da haploid # is 23
da diploid # is 46
there r 23 pairs/sets of chromosomes
gametes contain 22 autosomes&1 sex chromosome
Term
during fertilization, which 2 items combine 2 4m a zygote
Definition
2 haploid cells from da previous generation
Term
alleles r various 4ms of a ____ @a given locus
Definition
gene
Term
in a condition where incomplete dominance is seen in flower color if M is red& m is white da offpring of da cros of MM w/mm will
Definition
b heterozygous& pink
Term
is all offspring of a cross have da genotype Ll, da parents of da crosses wud most likely b
Definition
LL ' ll
Term
da theory of segregation
Definition
explains da behavior of a pair of alleles during meiosis
Term
Mendel's dihybrid crosses, but not his monohybrid crosses, showed dat
Definition
alleles 4 diff traits were inherited independently
Term
a single gene is known as ____________ if it effects many traits
Definition
pleiotrophic
Term
genes on da same chromosome r separated from each odda mo'a frequently during crossing ova if they r
Definition
farther apart on da chromosome
Term
da following demonstrate da effects of da env on phenotype:
Definition
plants da vary in height dur 2 altitude
globesity
folic acid 2 prevent birth defects
darker fur on da tail, ears, nose,& legs of a Himalayan rabbit
Term
cont. variation in phenotype is graphically represented by
Definition
a bell-shaped curve
Term
chromosomes not involved in sex determination r known as _______& r found in _______ ____
Definition
autosomes; somatic cells
Term
sex chromosomes
Definition
determine gender
have genotypes XX& XY
carry some genes dat have nothing 2 do w/sex
were unknown 2 Mendel
Term
a karyotype
Definition
is a visual display of chromosomes arranged according 2 size
Term
a woman heterozygous 4 colorblindness (an X-linked recessive allele) marries a man w/normal color vision. What is the probability dat their 1st child will b colorblind?
Definition
25%
Term
a chromosome's gene sequence dat was ABCDEFG b4 modification& ABEFG afterward is an example of
Definition
deletion
Term
down syndrome involves trisomy of chromosome __
Definition
21
Term
ABO blood types demonstrated da concept of
Definition
multiple alleles
Term
muscle fibers grown in culture have da capability of accomplishing all of these EXCEPT
Definition
meiosis
Term
Rosalind Franklin used which technique 2 determine may of da physical car of DNA?
Definition
x-ray diffraction
Term
eat DNA strand has a 'backbone' dat consists of alternating
Definition
sugar& phosphate molecules
Term
wot is da 4m of RNA dat comprises da structure considered da 'protein factory', da site where da protein is assembled?
Definition
ribosomal RNA
Term
transfer RNA differs from odda types of RNA coz it
Definition
carries an amino acid @1 end
Term
da complete process of protein synthesis is dependent on
Definition
DNA polymerases
DNA
transcription
translation
Term
da 4mation of a cell plate occurs during
Definition
cytokinesis in plant cells
Term
cell division in cancer cells occurs 2 rapidly due 2
Definition
a loss of control ova da 'molecular brakes' in G1
Term
Huntington's disease provided an example of an heritable condition as a result of a ________ genetic disorder
Definition
dominant
Term
albinism
Definition
can b caused by both sex-linked& autosomal genetic abnormalities
is generally polygenic
occurs in most vertebrates
is da inability 2 produce melanin
Term
a _________ condition is where there is 1 mo'a/1 less chromosome dan normal in an individual org
Definition
aneuploid
Term
polydactylia is a genetic condition where da phenotype displays
Definition
1/mo'a extra digits
Term
DNA replication
Definition
makes new strands from old strand templates
Term
protein synthesis utilizes da DNA code 2 assemble
Definition
amino acids
Term
mutations
Definition
generally have no effect on organisms
is there is an effect, it is generally negative
may come about thru da action of mutagens
if in somatic cells r not heritable
Term
________ can provide + changed in DNA which, if heritable, can provide variability among members of a specimen, providing da basis 4 'natural selection& survival of da fittest'
Definition
mutagens
Term
mutations can b
Definition
random
beneficial
harmful
heritable
Term
stabilizing selection means dat
Definition
da extremes of da pop have a lesser chance 2 survive
Term
which of da following carried amino acids 2 ribosomes, where amino acids r linked in2 da primary structure of a polypeptide
Definition
tRNA
Term
da synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template strand is
Definition
transcription
Term
there r how many diff kinds of amino acids in proteins?
Definition
20
Term
of all da diff codons dat exist, 3 of dem
Definition
do not specify a particular amino acid but provide instructions such as "stop"
Term
if da DNA triplets were ATG-CGT, da tRNA anticodons wud b
Definition
AUGCGU
Term
azexually produced daughter cells r
Definition
identical 2 each odda& identical 2 da mother cell
Term
homologous chromosomes
Definition
may exchange parts during meiosis
have alleles 4 da same char even tho da gene expression may not b da same
r in pairs, 1 chromosome of each pair from da father& 1 from da mother
pair up during meiosis
Term
meiosis typically results in da production of
Definition
4 haploid cells
Term
during meiosis 2
Definition
sister chromatids of each chromosome r separated from each odda
Term
pairing of homologues& crossing ova occur during
Definition
prophase 1
Term
which does NOT produce variation?
Definition
asexual reproduction
Term
a locus is
Definition
da location of an allele on a chromosome
Term
if R is dominant to r, da offspring of da cross of RR w/rr will
Definition
display da same phenotype as da RR parent
Term
da results of a testcross reveal dat all offspring resemble da parent being testes. Dat parent necessarily is
Definition
homozygous
Term
if all da offspring of a testcross r alike& resemble da org being tested, den dat parent is
Definition
homozygous dominant
Term
mendel's principle of independent assortment states dat
Definition
each hereditary unit is inherited separately from odda hereditary units
Term
da usu F2 phenotypic ratio of a dihybrid cross is
Definition
9:3:3:1
Term
is a child has an AB blood type, da parents
Definition
can have diff blood types, but neither can b blood type O
Term
coat color in 1 breed of mice is controlled by imcompletely dominant alleles so dat yellow& white r homozygous, while cream is hetrozygous. Da cross of 2 cream individuals will produce
Definition
=# of white & yellow mice, w/twice as many creams as da odda 2 colors
Term
da F2 phenotypic ratio of a monohybrid cross involving a gene w/incompletely dominant alleles is
Definition
1:2:1
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