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bio ch. 18 19 20
bio
41
Biology
10th Grade
12/03/2009

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Term
humans
Definition
most abundant large animals
high impact on environment
require lots of materials and space
devastated environment for many other species
Term
ecology
Definition
study of the interactions between organisms and their environment
Term
the environment-2 components
Definition
abiotic-nonliving chemical and physical factors
biotic-living factors
Term
levels of ecology
Definition
organismal
population
community
ecosystem
Term
organismal ecology
Definition
evolutionary adaptations that enable induv. organisms to meet challanges posed by their abiotic environment
Term
population ecology
Definition
populations-concentrates mainly on the factors that effect pop. density and growth
Term
community ecology
Definition
communities-interactions between species affect community structure and organization
Term
ecosystem ecology
Definition
ecosystems-species and abiotic factors-energy flow and the cycling of chemicals among the various abiotic and biotic factors
Term
the biosphere
Definition
global ecosystem
Term
rachel carson
Definition
1st ecologist to perceive the global dangers of pesticide abuse. helped initiate out current environmental awareness w/ her book- silent spring. catalyzed modern environmental movement.
Term
evolutionary adaptatioins of organisms
Definition
physiological
anatomical
behavioral
Term
abiotic factors of bioshphere
Definition
terrestrial and aquatic life
Term
global distribution factors
Definition
reflect regional diff.s in climate and abiotic factors-patchiness-effects animals that live there
Term
habitats
Definition
specific environments in which organisms live
Term
sunlight
Definition
solar energy powers nearly all ecosystems
availability- effects terrestrial and aquatic environments
Term
water organisms problems
Definition
aquatic- water balance
terrestrial- drying out
Term
temperature
Definition
important abiotic factor bcuz of its effect on metabolism
Term
wind
Definition
some org. depends on wind 4 food
some depend on wind 4 seed and pollen dispursal
*can also effect plant growth patterns
Term
rocks and soil
Definition
soil varitaion- patchiness-terrestrial
streams & rivers-composition-affect water chemistry
Term
periodic disturbances
Definition
catastrophic- devestate biological communities
after- area recolonized
structure goes through a succession of changes during the rebound
Term
physiological responses
Definition
temp regulation
acclimation-related 2 the rang of environ. conditions a species naturally experiences
Term
vertebrates-
reptiles-
Definition
endotherms
ectothermic
Term
anatomical responses
Definition
org. respond 2 environ. change w/ change in body shape or anatomy
Term
pop. ecoloy
Definition
study of how members of a pop. interact w/ their environ.
factors that influence a pop.'s size, growth rate, density, and structure
Term
pop. density
Definition
# of induv. of a species per unit of area or volume
we estimate by indirect indicators (ex.birds nests or rodent burrows-prarie dogs)
Term
patterns of dispersion
Definition
clumped
uniform
random
-some mixed
Term
pop. growth models
1.
2.
Definition
exponential
logistic
Term
growth rate
Definition
change in pop. size per time interval
Term
logistic growth model
Definition
describes growth of an idealized pop. that is slowed by limiting factors
Term
carrying capacity
Definition
limit
Term
human pop. growth
Definition
growing expon. for centuries
birth rate and death rate
Term
age structure
Definition
proportion of induv. in diff. age groups
Term
age structure
Definition
helps predict future pop. growth in diff. countries
Term
life history
1.
2.
Definition
opportunistic
equilibrial
Term
life history-opportunistic1.
2.
3.
Definition
induv. reproduce young
produce many offspring
expon. growing pop.
Term
life history-equilibrial
1.
2.
3.
Definition
induv.s mature later
fewer offspring but care for young
pop. size quite stable
Term
key properties of communities
Definition
diversity
prevalent form of vegetation
stability
trophic structure
Term
a community
Definition
an assemblage of species living close enough together for potential interaction
Term
key properties of communities
Definition
diversity
prevalent form of vegetation
stability
trophic structure
Term
diversity of a community
Definition
the variety of diff. kinds of oganisms that make up the community
Term
diversity of a community- 2 components
1.
2.
Definition
spesies richness- total # of diff. species in a community
relative abundance of the diff. species
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