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Bio Ch.11 vocab
ch11 vocabulary
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Biology
9th Grade
03/14/2016

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Term
Allele
Definition
one of a number of different forms of a gene
Term
Chromosome
Definition
threadlike structure within the nucleus containing the genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next
Term
Codominance
Definition
situation in which both alleles of a gene contribute to the phenotype of the organism
Term
Crossing Over
Definition
process in which the homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis
Term
Cross Pollination
Definition
joining male and female productive parts from two different plants
Term
Dihybrid Cross
Definition
cross of two lines that differ in two observed traits.
Term
Diploid
Definition
term used to refer to a cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes
Term
Dominant Trait
Definition
genes who's allele is more likely to appear in offspring.
Term
F1 generation
Definition
first filial generation; 1st gen of hybrid offspring
Term
F2 generation
Definition
second filial generation; offspring of self pollinated F1
Term
Fertilization
Definition
reproductive male and female cells joining together
Term
Gamete
Definition
sex cells
Term
Genes
Definition
chemical factors that determine traits
Term
Gene encoding
Definition
the nucleotides that make up cotas
Term
Gene Expression
Definition
the appearance in a phenotype of a characteristic or effect attributed to a particular gene.
Term
Gene location
Definition
relative location shown by gene map
Term
Genetic diversity
Definition
sum total of all different forms of genetic information carried by all organisms living on Earth today
Term
Genetic variation
Definition
having different types of genetic information among a group
Term
Genotype
Definition
genetic makeup
Term
Gregor Mendel
Definition
scientist who did pea experiment,created basis of modern science of genetics
Term
Haploid
Definition
"one set" single set of chromosomes
Term
Heredity
Definition
what you inherit from family; genes
Term
Heterozygous
Definition
Organisms that have two different alleles for the same trait
Term
Homologous Chromosomes
Definition
4 chromosomes that came from male parent have a corresponding chromosome from female parent
Term
homozygous
Definition
two identical alleles for a praticular trait
Term
Human genetics
Definition
passed through meiosis
Term
Hybrid
Definition
offspring of crosses between parents with different traits
Term
Incomplete dominance
Definition
where one allele is not completely dominant
Term
Independent Assortment
Definition
principle that states genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes.
Term
Law of Segregation
Definition
Mendel; states that allele pair separate during gamete formation and randomly reunite at fertilization
Term
Meiosis
Definition
process of reduction divsion in which the number of cells is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell
Term
Mendelian genetics
Definition
basic principals of genetics that can be applied to plants and animals
Term
Monohybrid cross
Definition
mating between two individuals with different alleles at one genetic locus of interest
Term
Multiple Alleles
Definition
genetic locus having more than two allelic forms within a population
Term
Non-disjunction
Definition
failure to seperate one or more pairs of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids during nuclear division, resulting in abnormality
Term
P Generation
Definition
start of Mendel's work on inheritance
Term
Phenotype
Definition
physical characteristics
Term
Polygenic Alleles
Definition
alleles where phenotype is affected by more than one gene
Term
probability
Definition
likelihood event will occur
Term
Punnett Square
Definition
shows probability of possible outcomes of genetic crosses
Term
Recessive Trait
Definition
trait that is carried with each generation but does not always show
Term
Self-Pollination
Definition
true breeding plants do this, a-sexual reproduction
Term
Tetrad
Definition
structure formed by 4 chromatids during meiois
Term
Trait
Definition
specific characteristic that varies from one person to another
Term
True-Breeding
Definition
produce offspring identical to self
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