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Bio Ch 7 Vocab
Ch 7 Vocab
43
Biology
10th Grade
09/18/2010

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Term
Cell Theory
Definition
All living things are composed of cells
Cells are the basic units of structure and function inm living things
New cells are produced from existing cells
Term
Eukaryote
Definition
Has a membrane enclosed nucleus, are larger and more complex, display great variety and have multiple membrane enclosed organelles
Term
prokaryote
Definition
Have no membrane enclosed nucleus, have fewer kinds of organelles, are smaller than eukaryotes
Term
Organelles
Definition
membrane enclosed (mostly) with unique and specific functions. "Little organs."
Term
Cytoplasm
Definition
All the liquid and the organelles inside a cell NOT including the cell membrane and nucleus
Term
Cytosol
Definition
Only the liquid portion of the cytopalsm
Term
Nucleus
Definition
Mambrane bound by the nuclear envelope, contians the cells DNA )most of it).
Term
Nuclear Envelope
Definition
Also called the nuclear membrane. A bilayer membrane with pores connected to the ER
Term
Chromatin
Definition
The DNA in the nucleus before it coils to form the chormosomes. Has protiens associated with it
Term
Chromosomes
Definition
Chromatin once it condenses and coils right before cell division
Term
Nucleolus
Definition
Non-membrane bound organelle in the nucleus. Where the assmbly of Ribosomes begins
Term
Ribosomes
Definition
Made up of 2 sub-units, a large one and a smaller one. The join to make the proteins in the cell. Some are free in the Cytosol and others are in the membrane of the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum.
Term
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Definition
Can be smooth, without ribosomes in the membrane or Rough which does have Ribosomes in the nucleus. Rough ER produces proteins (protein synthesis) Smooth makes lipids for cell membranes. Connected to the nuclear pores.
Term
Golgi Complex or Apparatus
Definition
Modifies, sorts and packages proteins and other materials produced by the ER for export(leaving the cell) or storage for later use.
Term
Lysosomes
Definition
Small organeels, called vessicles, with digestive enzymes inside. They breakdown food particles and old organelles. They clean up the cytoplasm of old, unused materials.
Term
Vacuoles
Definition
Store water, salts (ions), Carbohydrates and proteins for the cells they are in. Rare in animal cells, mostly in plant cells.
Term
Mitochondria
Definition
The energy producer for the cell. They convert the chemical energy in food to energy the cell can use, ATP. Cells with higher energy needs, like muscle cells, have more than skin cells.Has its own DNA, you get all of them from your mom.
Term
Chloroplasts
Definition
They capture the energy in the sunlight and convert it to chemical energy by photosynthesis. They have Chlorophyl which causes the green color in plants. In plant cells only.
Term
Cytoskeleton
Definition
Made up of microtubules and microfilaments. It is a network of proteins which provides the cell with structure and support.
Term
Microtubules
Definition
Hollow tube like proteins made with tubulins. Maintain cell shape. Important in cell division. Also, make cilia.
Term
Microfilaments
Definition
Threadlike proteins mad eof Actin. They form extensive (large and complicated) networks in the cell for structure. Allow Amoebas to move.
Term
Cell Membrane
Definition
In both plant and animal cells. A thin, flexible layer which separates the inside of the cell from the interstitial space.
Term
Cell Wall
Definition
In plant cells only, around the membrane for support and protection.
Term
Lipid bilayer
Definition
A double layered sheet made up of phospholipids which are a fatty acid tail(2) with a phosphate "head"
Term
Concentration
Definition
The mass of a solute (the thing deissolved) in a given amount of solution (usually the liquid). Ex: a sodium solution with 3g of sodium per 2 liters of solution.
Term
Diffusion
Definition
When particles move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Does not require energy output by the cell membrane.
Term
Equalibrium
Definition
When the concentration of solute is the same on both sides. Even at equalibrium, particles move, in both directions.
Term
Osmosis
Definition
The diffusion of water across a selectivly permeable membrane.
Term
Isotonic
Definition
Means "same strength" and refers to a solute having the same concentration on both sides of a mambrane.
Term
Hypertonic
Definition
Hyper means more so thi would be the side with more concentration of a solute like sugar or salt.
Term
Hypotonic
Definition
Hypo means less so this would be the side with less concentration of a solute like sugar or salt.
Term
Osmotic pressure
Definition
The pressure exerted on a mambrane from the side with a higher concentration of a solute.
Term
Facilitated diffusion
Definition
The movement of larger and/or charged materials across the cell membrane with the assistance of special proteins imbedded in the membrane itself.
Term
Active Transport
Definition
Movement of a material across the cell membrane which costs energy. Allows cells to move materials agaainst the concentration gradient. Done by "pumps" in the cell membrane like the sodium/potassium pumps.
Term
Endocytosis
Definition
The process of taking materials into the cell by a budding inwards which creates a vessicle or food vacuole. Called phagocytosis or pinocytosis.
Term
Phagocytosis
Definition
"Cell eating" a form of endocytosis or the process of taking materials into a cell.
Term
Pinocytosis
Definition
"Cell drinking" a form of endocytosis where the cell takes in liquid needed by the cell by forming a vessicle or vacuole.
Term
Exocytosis
Definition
The opposite of cell eating or drinking. This is the cell getting rid of wastes at the cell membrane.
Term
Cell Specialization
Definition
How cells in an organism can develop in different ways to perform different tasks.
Term
Levels of organization
Definition
The lowest level is cells and increases in size as it goes up: cells-tissues-organs-organ systems
Term
Tissue
Definition
Similar cells, which perform a similar function, join together to form a tissue. Ex: muscle or skin
Term
Organ
Definition
Many groups of tissues work together to form an organ. Ex: liver
Term
Organ system
Definition
All the organs which have a similar, combined function. Ex: digestive system
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