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Bio AP First Test Part 2
Bio
32
Biology
10th Grade
09/24/2012

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Term
Abiotic Factors
Definition
Abiotic components are the nonliving components of the biosphere. Chemical and geological factors, such as rocks and minerals, and physical factors, such as temperature and weather, are referred to as abiotic components.
Term
Biotic Factors
Definition
Biotic, meaning of or related to life, are living factors. Plants, animals, fungi, protist and bacteria are all biotic or living factors and other stuff like competition, disease, and overpopulation are all biotic factors
Term
Significance of introduced Species
Definition
A species that does not occur naturally in a given area, though has been introduced to it.
It can cause the populations of species to increase or decrease exponentially
Term
Factors that can influence species distribution
Definition
1 Clumped distribution
2 Regular or uniform distribution
3 Random distribution
4 Species distribution models
5 Abiotic and biotic factors
6 Species Distribution Grids Project
7 Statistical determination of distribution patterns
8 Global warming effects
Term
Aquatic Biomes
Definition
Cover 75% of Earth
Term
Dessert Biomes
Definition
Least amount of Rainfall
Considerable amount of specialized vegetation,
Specialized vertebrate and invertebrate animals.
Soils often have abundant nutrients because they need only water to become very productive and have little or no organic matter.
Term
Grassland Biomes
Definition
Just know what this is
Term
Forests Biomes
Definition
Cover 1/3 of Earth
Term
Tundra Biomes
Definition
Extremely cold climate
Low biotic diversity
Simple vegetation structure
Limitation of drainage
Short season of growth and reproduction
Energy and nutrients in the form of dead organic material
Large population oscillations
Term
Photic aquatic zones
Definition
The photic zone is the depth of the water in a lake or ocean that is exposed to sufficient sunlight for photosynthesis to occur. The depth of the photic zone can be affected greatly by seasonal turbidity.
Hold 90% of marine life
Term
Nonphotic aquatic zones
Definition
Other section where 10% of marine life lives, not sufficient light
Term
Oligotrophic
Definition
Relatively low in plant nutrients and containing abundant oxygen in the deeper parts.
Cannot sustain life.
Term
Eutrophic
Definition
Rich in nutrients and so supporting a dense plant population, the decomposition of which KILLS animal life by depriving it of oxygen
Term
Why does pollution cause Eutrophication
Definition
Any factor that causes increased nutrient concentrations can potentially lead to eutrophication. I
Term
Describe why temperate stratification in lakes is important
Definition
Temperate lakes tend to stratify, with cold water sinking to the bottom and warm water floating on top
Important as without it, fish can die due to thermal gradients, stagnation, and ice cover.
Term
Innate Learning
Definition
Behavior determined by the "hard-wiring" of the nervous system.
Term
FAP learning
Definition
Fixed-action Pattern
is an instinctive behavioral sequence that is indivisible and runs to completion. Fixed action patterns are invariant and are produced by a neural network known as the innate releasing mechanism in response to an external sensory stimulus known as a sign stimulus or releaser (a signal from one individual to another). A fixed action pattern is one of the few types of behaviors which can be said to be hard-wired and instinctive.
Term
Maturation learning
Definition
Maturation is the process of learning to cope and react in an emotionally appropriate way.
Term
Habituation Learning
Definition
abituation is a decrease in an elicited behavior resulting from the repeated presentation of an eliciting stimulus (a simple form of learning).
Term
Imprinting Learning
Definition
A form of learning in which a very young animal fixes its attention on the first object with which it has visual, auditory, or tactile experience and thereafter follows that object.
Term
Kinesis
Definition
A movement that is a response to a stimulus but is not oriented with respect to the source of stimulation.A relatively unspecialised response by organisms that do not re-orientate themselves in response to stimulus, an example being an organism not moving directly away from a hot fire.
Term
Taxis
Definition
A response in which the direction of movement is affected by an environmental cue. Should be clearly distinguished from a kinesis.
Term
Explain some factors that influence parental investment in raising offspring
Definition
Parental investment (PI), in evolutionary biology and evolutionary psychology, is any parental expenditure (time, energy etc.) that benefits one offspring at a cost to parents' ability to invest in other components of fitness
Term
Hamiltons Rule regarding altruism and natural selection
Definition
Formally, such genes should increase in frequency when
rB>c
where
r = the genetic relatedness of the recipient to the actor, often defined as the probability that a gene picked randomly from each at the same locus is identical by descent.
B = the additional reproductive benefit gained by the recipient of the altruistic act,
C = the reproductive cost to the individual of performing the act.
Term
What factors determine K for a particular environment
Definition
K=Carrying Capacity
The carrying capacity of a biological species in an environment is the maximum population size of the species that the environment can sustain indefinitely, given the food, habitat, water and other necessities available in the environment.
Term
List the characteristics of K-selected organisms
List the characteristics of r-selected organisms
Definition
K: Slower Development, Excellent Competitor, Larger body size, Longer lived
r: Rapid development, short lived, numerous offspring
Term
What factors prevent unlimited population growth?
Definition
There is never, and never will be, unlimited resources
Term
Describe some animal defenses against predation
Definition
Toxic chemicals, camouflage, mimicry
Term
Why is there a limit to the number of links in a food web/chain
Definition
Due to loss of energy in between links
Term
Ecologic Succession
Definition
Ecological succession is the phenomenon or process by which an ecological community undergoes more or less orderly and predictable changes following disturbance or initial colonization of new habitat.
Term
Secondary Succession
Definition
When a forrest burns down and the soil is still left intact
Term
Primary Succesion
Definition
Pioneer plants take uninhabitable land and create soil
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