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bio 400
ch.13
16
Biology
Undergraduate 2
03/25/2017

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Term
sexual reproduction
Definition
when 2 cells fuse to create offspring, produce variation, 2 parents with 2 genetic age-up
Term
haploid
Definition
cells have 1 of each chromosome type, n= number of chromosomes
Term
diploid
Definition
cells have 2 of each chromosome type, result of fertilization, chromosome #=2n
Term
Meiotic cell division
Definition
when eukaryotic cells produce 4 daughter cells with half the starting number of chromosomes
Term
gene
Definition
unit of information regarding an inherited trait, segment of DNA
Term
locus
Definition
physical location of a gene in a chromosome
Term
homologous chromosomes
Definition
chromosome of the same gene type, same everything
Term
meiosis 1
Definition
homologs separate, makes 2 haploid cells
Term
meiosis 2
Definition
chromatids separate, makes 4 haploid cells
Term
prophase 1
Definition
each duplicated chromosome pairs up with its homolog in same orientation
Term
crossing over
Definition
homologous, non-sister, chromatids randomly swap genes, exchange of DNA segments, new genetic info combines
Term
metaphase 1
Definition
homologous pairs align at equilateral plane, maternal and paternal homologs orient toward opposite poles
Term
anaphase 1
Definition
homologs move to opposite poles, sister chromatids remain attached
Term
independent assortment
Definition
random distribution to opposite poles of paternal and maternal homologs in anaphase 1, mixing genes
Term
telophase 1 & cytokinesis 1
Definition
2 haploid cells
Term
random fertilization
Definition
the selection by chance of 2 gametes for fertilization
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