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bio 223 final exam
cumulative
53
Biology
Undergraduate 2
12/10/2011

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Term
cerebrospinal fluid functions
Definition
cushion neural structures
support brain
transport nutrients, chem messengers, and waste products
Term
medulla oblongata
Definition
control visceral functions
Term
medulla oblongata
3 group nuclei
Definition
1. autonomic nuclei-> cardiovascular and resp center
2. sensory and motor nuclei of cranial nerves
3. relay station along sensory and motor pathway
Term
pons
Definition
1. sensory and motor nuclei
2. respiration nuclei
3. process and relay info to and from cerebellum nuclei
4. ascending, descending, and transverse tracts
Term
cerebellum disorder
Definition
ataxia
Term
midbrain
cerebral peduncles
Definition
nerve fiber bundles w/descending fibers 2 &from cerebellum
Term
diencephalon
Definition
sensory info and motor commands
made of thalamus, epithalamus, and hypothalamus
Term
limbic system
Definition
functional group dat
est emotion
link conscious intellectual functions w/auto functions
memory storage and retrieval
Term
cerebrum
Definition
process somatic sensory and motor info
mostly white matter
Term
pineal gland
Definition
secrete melatonin
Term
thalamus
Definition
filter and relay info
Term
5 groups of thalamic nuclei
Definition
1. anterior
2. posterior
3. medial
4. ventral
5. lateral
Term
diencephalon
anterior group
Definition
emotion and motivation
Term
diencephalon
medial group
Definition
awareness of emotion
Term
diencephalon
ventral group
Definition
sensory info
Term
diencephalon
posterior group
Definition
visual and auditory info
Term
diencephalon
lateral group
Definition
emotion
sensory info
Term
mamillary body
Definition
process sensory info
control reflex eating movements
Term
infundibulum
Definition
connect hypothalamus 2 pituitary gland
Term
8 functions of hypothalamus
Definition
1. subconscious control skeletal muscle
2. control auto functions
3. coordinate activities of nervous and endocrine system
4. secrete hormone
5. emotion and behavior
6. coordinate voluntary and auto functions
7. reg body temp
8. control circadian rhythm
Term
ANS divisions
Definition
sympathetic
parasympathetic
Term
ganglionic neurons location
Definition
sympathetic chain ganglia
collateral
adrenal medullae
Term
sympathetic chain ganglia
Definition
both sides of vertebral column
Term
alpha receptors
a1
Definition
mo'a common and excitatory
Term
nicotine receptors
Definition
occur on ganglion cells-> cause excitation
Term
sympathetic division
Definition
reach organs and tissues thru body
Term
visceral reflex
Definition
can b modified, facilitated, or inhibited by higher centers
Term
action potential generation
4 steps
Definition
1. threshold depolarization
2. Na+ channel activation
3. Na+ channel inactivation and K+ channel activation
4. return 2 normal permeability
Term
chem synapse
Definition
cells not in direct contact
Term
postynaptic potentials
Definition
graded potentials dat dev in postynaptic cell in response 2 neurotranmitters
Term
white matter
Definition
superficial
get myelinated and unmyelinated axons
Term
gray matter
Definition
get neuron cell body, neuroglia, unmyelinated axons
Term
spinal nerve
Definition
surrounded by 3 connective tissue layers
support structures& get blood vessels
Term
sensory neurons
Definition
deliver info 2 CNS
Term
reflex arc
Definition
wiring of single reflex
begin @ receptor
end @ effector
oppose original stimulus
Term
neural reflex
5 steps
Definition
1. stimulus arrival, activation of receptor
2. sensory neuron activation
3. info processing by postsynaptic cell
4. activation of motor neuron
5. response of peripheral effector
Term
extrafusal muscle fibers
Definition
maintain tone and contract muscle
Term
postural reflex
Definition
stretch reflex
maintain posture
stretched muscle respond by contracting
maintain balance
Term
autoregulation (intrinsic)
Definition
automatic response in cell,tissue, or organ 2 env change
Term
positive feedback
Definition
resonse increase change of stimulus
body move away from homeostasis
normal range lost
speed up process
Term
colloid
Definition
solution of large organic molecules
Term
acid
Definition
+ H
proton donor
Term
fatty acids
Definition
chain of C & H w/carboxyl group @ 1 end
Term
tonicity
Definition
how solution affect cell
Term
ET
char
Definition
Shape
Cellularity
Regeneration
Avascularity
Polarity
Term
ET
function
Definition
1. protection
2. permeability
3. sensation
4. secretion
Term
CT
function
Definition
structure
transport fluid
protect organs
store E
defend
Term
neural cells
2 types
Definition
neurons
neuroglia
Term
skin
Definition
4 layers of keratinocytes
Term
skin
function
Definition
protection
excretion
maintain body temp
produce melanin
produce keratin
vitamin D synthesis
store lipids
sensory detection
Term
papillary layer
Definition
areolar tissue
get small lymphatics, capillaries, sensory neurons
dermal papillae projections
Term
ceruminous gland
Definition
make cerumen (earwax)
protect eardrum
Term
skeletal system
function
Definition
1. support
2. store minerals and lipids
3. blood cell production
4. protection
5. leverage
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