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BIO 221 Quiz 1
Quiz 1/16/09
40
Biology
Undergraduate 3
01/14/2009

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Term
Electronegativity difference less than 0.05 is indicative of a ____ bond.
Definition
Covalent
Term
Electronegativity difference of 0.5-1.5 is indicative of a ___ bond.
Definition
Polar covalent (dipole)
Term
___ bonds are weak and involve sharing electrons and charge.
Definition
Ionic
Term
___ bonds are between H and O or N and are weak with a dipole moment.
Definition
Hydrogen
Term
In _____ bonds, a weak bond creates a transient dipole and if it gets close to another molecules, it can induce a dipole in that molecule.
Definition
Van der Waals interactions
Term
_____ bonds can only occur within molecules, not between them.
Definition
covalent
Term
____ interactions can occur between or within molecules.
Definition
weak
Term
Water can form ___ (#) bonds.
Definition
2
Term
Hydrophobic effect
Definition
when water forms bonds around a hydrophobic molecule (forms micelle)
Term
amphipathic molecules
Definition
hydrophobic end and hydrophillic end
Term
micelle
Definition
amphipathic molecule with hydrophic ends together and hydrophillic ends in contact with water
Term
For every _____ water molecules, one will bind with its to form H3O and H
Definition
555,000,000
Term
if we are given 10^-5M H3O+, the pH is _____.
Definition
5
Term
As pH increases, H3O+ concentration ______.
Definition
decreases
Term
Atomic number
Definition

The top number on an atom in the periodic table

 

# of protons in that atom (= number of electrons)

Term
Atomic mass
Definition

bottom number on an atom in the periodic table

 

# protons + # neutrons

Term
____ are the forms of atoms with different numbers of neutrons
Definition
isotopes
Term
Main elements used in living systems
Definition
H, C, N, O, P, S
Term
Why do living systems depend on weak interactions?
Definition
all living systems depend on water, the water can break these bonds and form new ones as needed.
Term
4 properties of water
Definition

1. Cohesion - molecules stick together via H bonds

2. High heat capacity - allows for evaporative cooling (sweat)

3. solid form is less dense than liquid - ice floats and expands due to because all ofthe hydrogen bonds are bonded to each other

4. Water dissolves polar molecules - allows for aqueous transport and diffusion within the cell

5. Water surrounds nonpolar molecules - hydrophobic effect, micelles, membranes

Term
____ concentration is related to pH and ____ concentration is related to pOH.
Definition
H3O+ and H+
Term
____ electrons can participate in bond formation.
Definition
valence
Term
___ bonds are important for molecules to recognize each other.
Definition
weak
Term
H3O is known as a ____ ion, and H+ is a ___ ion.
Definition
Hydronium, Hydroxide
Term
Scientific method requires an experiment to be ___ and ____.
Definition
reproducible and predictive
Term
Pasteur's experiment involving taking away an air source from yeast growing in a flask proved what?
Definition
Disproved spontaneous generation
Term
____ can't be killed by boiling because of their heat-resistant spore coat. This was the problem in who's expt?
Definition
endospores, Tyndall
Term
___ don't have a nuclear membrane but ____ do.
Definition
prokaryotes, eukaryotes
Term
Major difference between bacteria and archaea?
Definition
bacteria have cell walls
Term
___ are prokaryotes with "extreme" lifestyles
Definition
archaea
Term
___ have chloroplasts for photosynthesis and can have cilia.
Definition
Algae
Term
___ have 2 life forms, yeasts and molds. Called saprophytes.
Definition
Fungi
Term
_____ use endocytosis for feeding and can have cilia.
Definition
protozoa
Term
___ are not living because they have no metabolism and are made up of a nucleic acid and a protein coat
Definition
viruses
Term
___ are infectious RNA with no protein.
Definition
viroids
Term
viruses are ____-specific.
Definition
kingdom
Term
___ are infectious proteins with no nucleic acid that act as folding templates to cause other proteins to misfold and form a plaque.
Definition
prions
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