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BIO 211 Chapter 1
Biology and the Tree of Life
7
Biology
Undergraduate 2
12/06/2010

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Term
the cell theory
Definition
proposes that all organisms are made of cells and that all cells come from pre-existing cells
Term
theory of evolution by natural selection
Definition
maintains that the characteristics of species change through time — primarily because individuals with certain heritable traits produce more offspring than do individuals without those traits
Term
Two conditions that must be met for natural selection to occur in a population
Definition
(1) individuals in the population vary in characteristics that are heritable

(2) in a particular environment, certain versions of these heritable traits help individuals survive better or reproduce more than do other versions
Term
Natural selection acts on ________, but evolutionary change affects only ___________
Definition
individuals; populations
Term
A genus is made up of ________
Definition
a closely related group of species
Term
A species is made up of ______
Definition
individuals that regularly breed together or have characteristics that are distinct from those of other species
Term
rRNA sequences should be very similar in _______ but less similar in organisms that ______. Thus, small subunit rRNA sequences can be used to produce a phylogenetic tree that shows relationships among species.
Definition
closely related organisms; are less closely related
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