Term
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Definition
| extracellular material that is composed of: fibrous proteins, a clear gel known as ground substance, tissue fluid, extracellular fluid (ECF), interstitial fluid, or tissue gel |
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Term
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Definition
| structure with discrete boundaries that is composed of two or more tissue types |
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| histology (microscopic anatomy) |
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Definition
| the study of tissues and how they are arranged into organs |
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Definition
| gives rise to epidermis and nervous system |
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Definition
| gives rise to mucous membrane lining digestive and respiratory tracts, digestive glands, and among other things |
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Definition
becomes gelatinous tissue - mesenchyme; wispy collagen fibers and fibroblasts in gel matrix; gives rise to muscle, bone, blood
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Term
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Definition
•covers body surface
•lines body cavities
•forms the external and internal linings of many organs
•constitutes most glands
•epithelia allows no room for blood vessels |
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Term
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Definition
| layer between an epithelium and the underlying connective tissue; anchors the epithelium to the connective tissue below it |
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Term
| simple squamous epithelium |
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Definition
| thin scaly cells that are found in the lungs |
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Term
| simple cuboidal epithelium |
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Definition
| square or round cells that are found in the kidney |
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Term
| simple columnar epithelium |
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Definition
| tall narrow cells that are found in the intestine; absorption and secretion; mucus secretion |
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Term
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Definition
| found on skin surface, abrasion resistant |
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Term
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Definition
| lacks surface layer of dead cells |
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Term
| Keratinized Stratified Squamous |
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Definition
| resists abrasion; retards water loss through skin; resists penetration by pathogenic organisms |
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Term
| Nonkeratinized Stratified Squamous |
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Definition
| resists abrasion and penetration of pathogens |
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Term
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Definition
| Epithelium tissue that is found in the ureter and bladder |
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Term
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Definition
a type of tissue in which cells usually occupy less space than the extracellular material
•binds organs to each other
•support and protect organs
•highly vascular
•most abundant, widely distributed, and histologically variable of the primary tissues |
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Term
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Definition
| richly supplied with blood vessels |
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Term
| Functions of Connective Tissue |
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Definition
•binding of organs –tendons and ligaments
•support –bones and cartilage
•movement–bones provide lever system
•storage–fat, calcium, phosphorus
•transport-blood |
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Term
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Definition
phagocytize foreign material and activate immune system when sense foreign matter (antigen)
•arise from white blood cell -monocytes |
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Term
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Definition
found along side of blood vessels
•secrete heparin inhibits clotting
•histamine that dilates blood vessels |
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Term
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Definition
| forms thick colloids that creates strong structural bond between cells and extracellular macromolecules –holds tissues together |
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Term
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Definition
| bind components of tissues together |
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Term
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Definition
•found in tissue sections from almost every part of the body
–surrounds blood vessels and nerves
•nearly every epithelium rests on a layer of areolar tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| •found in lymph nodes, spleen, thymus and bone marrow |
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Term
| Dense Regular Connective Tissue |
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Definition
| •tendons attach muscles to bones and ligaments hold bones together |
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Term
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Definition
•fat is the body’s primary energy reservoir
•provides thermal insulation
•anchors and cushions organs such as eyeball, kidneys
•most adult fat is called white fat
•brown fat –in fetuses, infants, children –a heat generating tissue |
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Term
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Definition
•supportive connective tissue with flexible, rubbery matrix
•gives shape to ear, tip of nose, and larynx
•types of cartilage vary with fiber types
–hyaline cartilage, fibrocartilage and elastic cartilage |
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Term
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Definition
| eases joint movement and holds airway open |
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Term
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Definition
| provides flexible, elastic support and is apart of the external ear and epiglottis |
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Term
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Definition
| resists compression and absorbs shock and is apart of the pubic symphysis, menisci, and intervertebral discs |
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Term
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Definition
- spongy in appearance
• delicate struts of bone - trabeculae
• covered by compact bone
• found in heads of long bones and in middle of flat bones such as the
sternum |
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Term
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Definition
– denser calcified tissue with no visible spaces
• more complex arrangement
• cells and matrix surround vertically oriented blood vessels in long
bones |
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Term
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Definition
•fluid connective tissue
•transports cells and dissolved matter from place to place
•plasma
•formed elements |
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Term
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Definition
| blood’s liquid ground substance |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| red blood cells–(RBC)-transport O2 and CO2 |
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Definition
| white blood cells-(WBC)–defense against infection and other diseases |
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Definition
| cell fragments involved in clotting and other mechanisms |
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Term
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Definition
–a characteristic of all living cells
–developed to highest degree in nervous and muscular tissues |
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Term
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Definition
| electrical charge difference (voltage) that occurs across the plasma membranes is the basis for their excitation |
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Term
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Definition
| changes result in rapid transmission of signals to other cells |
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Term
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Definition
| changes result in contraction, shortening of the cell |
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Definition
–detect stimuli
–respond quickly
–transmit coded information rapidly to other cells |
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Term
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Definition
–protect and assist neurons
–‘housekeepers’ of nervous system |
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Term
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Definition
–neurosoma (cell body)
–dendrites
–axon (nerve fiber) |
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Term
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Definition
•houses nucleus and other organelles
•cell’s center of genetic control and protein synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
•multiple short, branched processes
•receive signals from other cells
•transmit messages to neurosoma |
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Definition
•sends outgoing signals to other cells
•can be more than a meter long |
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Term
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Definition
–elongated cells that are specialized to contract in response to stimulation
•primary job is to exert physical force on other tissues and organs
•creates movements involved in body and limb movement, digestion, waste elimination, breathing, speech, and blood circulation
•important source of body heat |
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Term
| the three types of muscle |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
•long, threadlike cells –muscle fibers
•most attach to bone
•exceptions –in tongue, upper esophagus, facial muscles, some sphincter muscles
•contains multiple nuclei adjacent to plasma membrane
•striations
•voluntary |
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Term
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Definition
| ringlike or cufflike muscles that open and close body passages |
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Term
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Definition
| alternating dark and light bands |
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Definition
| conscious control over skeletal muscles |
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Term
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Definition
•limited to the heart
•myocytes or cardiocytes are much shorter, branched, and notched at ends
•contain one centrally located nucleus surrounded by light staining glycogen
•intercalated discs join cardiocytes end to end
–provide electrical and mechanical connection
•striated, and involuntary (not under conscious control) |
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Term
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Definition
•lacks striations and is involuntary
•relatively short, fusiform cells (thick in middle, tapered at ends)
•one centrally located nucleus
•visceral muscle –forms layers of digestive, respiratory, and urinary tract: blood vessels, uterus and other viscera
•propels contents through an organ, regulates diameter of blood vessels |
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Term
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Definition
–cell or organ that secrete substances for use elsewhere in the body or releases them for elimination from the body
–composed of epithelial tissue in a connective tissue framework and capsule |
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Term
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Definition
maintain their contact with the body surface by way of a duct(epithelial tube that conveys secretion to surface)
–sweat, mammary and tear glands |
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Term
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Definition
-lose their contact with the surface and have no ducts
–hormones–secretion of endocrine glands
–secrete (hormones) directly into blood
–thyroid, adrenal and pituitary glands |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| duct and secretory portion have uniform diameter |
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Term
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Definition
| secretory cells form dilated sac (acinus or alveolus) |
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Term
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Definition
| both tubular and acinar portions |
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Term
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Definition
| –produce glycoprotein, mucin,that absorbs water to form a sticky secretion called mucus |
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Term
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Definition
| –release whole cells, sperm and egg cells |
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Term
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Definition
| line body cavities and cover their viscera |
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Term
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Definition
| the skin; largest membrane in the body |
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Term
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Definition
| lines passageways open to the external environment |
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Term
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Definition
| internal membrane; covers organs and lines walls of body cavities |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| increasing the number of cells or the existing cells grow larger |
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Term
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Definition
| tissue growth through cell multiplication |
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Term
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Definition
-enlargement of preexisting cells
–muscle grow through exercise
–accumulation of body fat |
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Term
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Definition
–development of a tumor (neoplasm)
–benign or malignant
–composed of abnormal, nonfunctional tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| replacement of dead or damaged cells by the same type of cell as before |
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Term
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Definition
| replacement of damaged cells with scar tissue |
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Term
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Definition
•severed blood vessels bleed into cut
•mast cells and damaged cells release histamine
–dilates blood vessels
–increases blood flow to area
–makes capillaries more permeable
•blood plasma seeps into the woundcarrying:
–antibodies
–clotting proteins
–blood cells
•forms scabthat temporarily seals wound and blocks infection
•macrophages phagocytize and digest tissue debris
•remodeling (maturation) phase begins several weeks after injury and may last up to two years |
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