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Bio 122 Test 4
Respiratory System (blue packet)
37
Biology
Undergraduate 1
04/25/2014

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Term
What is the challenge of the respiratory system? the solution?
Definition
problem- cells need oxygen and give off co2, diffusion ineffective bc our skin is gas impermeable and we are too big
solution- respiratory system
Term
Which is not true of the nasal cavity?
A. detects odor-causing chemicals
B. cools the air
C. is lined by mucosa
D. filters the air
E. contains olfactory receptors
Definition
B. doesn't cool, it warms the air
Term
Which of the following is not true of the lower respiratory system?
A. lung volume is 6L
B. tidal volume is 5L (resting)
C. exchange rate is 5L (resting)
D. exchange rate is 130L (exercising)
E. lungs are connected by bronchioles
Definition
B. tidal volume is 0.5L
Term
Which of the following is not a correct pairing of structure and function of the respiratory system?
A. pharynx...opening between digestive and respiratory tracts
B. larynx...controls airflow during breathing
C. trachea...branch into 2 bronchi
D. trachea... produces sound for speech
E. nasal cavity... filters air
Definition
D. this is a function of the larynx
Term
alveolar capillaries
Definition
capillaries that surround the alveoli
Term
What structure of the respiratory system is the common opening between the digestive and respiratory systems?
Definition
pharynx
Term
T/F: pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood
Definition
T
Term
What structure of the respiratory system controls airflow during breathing, protects the airway, and produces sound for speech?
Definition
larynx
Term
What structure of the respiratory system is ringed by cartilage and mucosa and branches to 2 bronchi?
Definition
trachea
Term
What is the purpose of the alveoli?
Definition
increase surface area for gas exchange
Term
Which of the following does the air not cross to diffuse from alveoli to the capillary?
A. fluid in alveolus
B. muscle cells
C. epithelial cells
D. blood plasma
E. more than one of the above
Definition
B
Term
Which is not a step in the diffusion of oxygen from alveolus to capillary?
A. oxygen concentration higher in lumen than in capillary
B. oxygen dissolves into fluid coating alveolus
C. oxygen released into air between alveolus and capillary
D. oxygen moves to epithelial cell
E. oxygen moves to blood plasma
Definition
C
Term
T/F: cold fluid holds more oxygen than warm fluid
Definition
T
Term
negative pressure breathing
Definition
to get air in lungs, vacuum is created by expanding thoracic cavity
Term
tidal volume
Definition
volume of air moving into and out of lungs
Term
vital capacity
Definition
maximum amount of air that can be expired after a forceful inspiration
Term
intercostal muscles
Definition
muscles between ribs, help with inspiration
Term
What 2 things happen when we inhale?
Definition
diaphragm drops down, external intercostals contract
Term
What 2 things happen when we exhale?
Definition
diaphragm relaxes, internal intercostals contract
Term
hypoventilating
Definition
slow breathing, too much co2
Term
hyperventilating
Definition
rapid breathing, too much o2
Term
Which of the following is not a way that breathing rate is regulated?
A. rise in co2 causes blood pH to decrease
B. neurons in aorta and carotid bodies send impulses to control center in medulla oblongata
C. medulla sends signal to diaphragm and external intercostals
D. they expand to take in air
E. all are part
Definition
E
Term
Which of the following is not true?
A. each liter of blood can hold 3mL of oxygen without Hb
B. oxygen diffuses in liquid
C. hemoglobin can transport oxygen throughout the body
D. hemoglobin is composed of 6 subunits
E. heme is a tetrapyrole, type of porphyrin
Definition
D. hemoglobin is made of 4 subunits
Term
porphyrin
Definition
heme, cytochromes, chlorohpyll
Term
Which is not a component of hemoglobin?
A. 2 alpha globins
B. 2 beta globins
C. 5 protein subunits
D. a non protein pophyrin
E. molecules of heme
Definition
C. there are 4 protein subunits
Term
What part of the heme is able to become oxidized, transporting oxygen?
Definition
Fe (iron)
Term
How many molecules of oxygen can hemoglobin carry?
Definition
4
Term
How many oxidation states can occur in hemoglobin?
Definition
5
Term
Which of the following is not true?
A. with Hb, blood can carry 300mL blood
B. dissociation curves show %saturation vs. pressure of o2 (concentration)
C. the saturation curve is a 3 phase curve
D. the saturation curve is sigmoidal
E. all are true
Definition
E
Term
Why is there a lag phase in the oxygen saturation curve?
Definition
Hb subunits must convert from nonbinding to binding form
Term
What is the benefit in the lag of the oxygen saturation curve?
Definition
Hb can release all oxygen such as when exercising
Term
Which of the following does not lower affinity for oxygen in Hb
A. low blood pH
B. larger animal size
C. higher temperature
D. mother in relation to fetus
E. all of these have lower affinity for oxygen
Definition
B. smaller animal size lowers blood pH
Term
Bohr effect
Definition
Hb has lower affinity for oxygen under acidic conditions
Term
Which of the following facts about RBCs is not true?
A. they lose their nucleus
B. they are produced in bone marrow
C. they are called leukocytes
D. they carry hemoglobin
E. more than one of the above
Definition
C. they are called erythrocytes
Term
how do you ensure that your lungs keep working
Definition
you breathe
Term
shape of the hemoglobin curve
Definition
sigmoidal (s shaped)
Term
what does most co2 become to make its way back to lungs?
Definition
carbonic acid carried by red blood cells
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