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BIO 111
Module 5
50
Biology
Undergraduate 1
07/21/2012

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Term
the bacteriophages used in Alfred Hershey's and Martha Chase's experiments showed that: 
Definition
DNA was injected into bacteria
Term
________, the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes, shorten with every cell replication event
Definition
telomeres
Term
cancer cells differ from noncancerous cells in that
Definition
all of these
Term
which of the following scientific teams published the first paper that described the structure of DNA
Definition
Watson and Crick
Term
______ are short segments that attach to the lagging strand by DNA ligase during DNA replication
Definition
Okazake fragments
Term
a nucleotide is made of which of the following chemical components
Definition
nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a sugar
Term
in semiconservative DNA replication, each new double helix formed will have:
Definition
one new and one old strand in each helix
Term
the enzyme that adds nucleotides to a new strand of DNA, using the old strand as a pattern is called
Definition
DNA polymerase
Term
if one strand of DNA is CGGTAC, the corresponding strand would be
Definition
GCCATG
Term
RNA differs from DNA in all the following except:
Definition
RNA is a larger molecule than DNA
Term
irritation of transcription requires
Definition
a promoter sequence
Term
the two molecules that alternate to form the backbone of a polynucleotide chain are:
Definition
sugar and phosphate
Term
which of the following lists the correct order of polypeptide synthesis
Definition
initiation, elongation, termination
Term
a mutation that replaces one amino acid in a protein with another is called a _____ mutation
Definition
missense
Term
RNA splicing involves the
Definition
removal of introns from the molecule
Term
experiments have demostrated that the "words" of the genetic code (the units that specify amino acids) are
Definition
three-nucleotide sequences
Term
the codon AUG means
Definition
start a polypeptide chain here
Term
the transfer of genetic information from DNA to RNA is called
Definition
transcription
Term
the type of RNA that carries the information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis is known as:
Definition
messenger RNA
Term
which of the following is the enzyme that HIV uses to synthesize DNA on an RNA template
Definition
reverse transcriptase
Term
which of the following sequences best describes the flow of information that takes place when a gene directs the synthesis of a cellular component
Definition
DNA--RNA--protein
Term
segments of eukaryotic DNA that are able to move from one site to another in the genome are called
Definition
transposons
Term
______used x-ray diffraction to provide images of DNA
Definition
Franklin
Term
which of the following mutations is more likely to have disastrous effects
Definition
base insertions or deletions
Term
where does transcription occur in eukaryotic cells
Definition
in the nucleus
Term
the coding regions of a gene(the portions that are expressed as polypeptide sequences) are called
Definition
exons
Term
the term gene expression refers t o the 
Definition
process by which genetic information flows from genes to proteins
Term
adenine forms a complementary pair with______in RNA and _______in DNA
Definition
uracil; thymine
Term
the codon is found in the
Definition
mRNA
Term
genes that encode proteins that are always needed are called
Definition
constitutive genes
Term
the operator of the lactose operon in E. coli is located:
Definition
between the promoter and the structural genes
Term
the molecular switch that controls gene expression is known as:
Definition
the operator
Term
in the tryptophan operon, the repressor protein binds to the operator when:
Definition
trytophan binds to an allosteric site on the repressor
Term
the information carried by DNA is incorporated in a code specified by the:
Definition
specific nucleotide sequence of the DNA molecule
Term
bacterial gene regulation occurs mainly at the_____level
Definition
transcriptional
Term
densely staining regions of highly compacted chromatin that are generally not transcribed are:
Definition
heterochromatin
Term
a TATA box is seen in________cells and is the site where_______
Definition
eukaryotic; RNA polymerase binds
Term
gene amplification involves
Definition
extra replication of genes that specify a certain gene product only in cells needing this product
Term
in eukaryotes, some DNA sequences  act as introns in some cells and is exons in other cells. this is an example of _________
Definition
differential mRNA processing
Term
proteins that bind to DNA and turn on operons by making it easier for RNA polymerase to bind to a promoter are called
Definition
activators
Term
both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells use which of the following to turn certain genes on or off
Definition
regulatory proteins
Term
in a prokaryote, a gorup of genes with related functions, along with their associated control sequences, define a(n)
Definition
operon
Term
RNA polymerase binds to which of the following
Definition
the promoter
Term
which of the following is an explanation of why a single gene may code for more than one polypeptide
Definition
alternative (RNA) splicing
Term
hydrogen bonds can form between guanine and ______, and between adenine and _______
Definition
cytosine; thymine
Term
enhancers are
Definition
sites located far away from the promoter that help control eukaryotic transcription
Term
two chains of DNA must run in______direction(s) and must be_______if they are to bond with each other
Definition
antiparallel; complementary
Term
the final product of DNA replication is
Definition
two DNA molecules, each of which contains one new and one old DNA strand
Term
the DNA strand that is replicated smoothly and continuously is called the
Definition
leading strand
Term
how are the chromosomes of a eukaryote cell replicated
Definition
the linear DNA molecules are replicated from multiple origins of replication bidirectionally
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