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BIO 111
Module 3
50
Biology
Undergraduate 1
06/13/2012

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Term
how does inhibition of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction by a competitive inhibitor differ from inhibition by a noncompetitive inhibitor
Definition
competitive inhibitors bind to the active site of the enzyme; noncompetitive inhibitors bind to a different site
Term
carbon dioxide enters and oxygen leaves a leaf via
Definition
stroma
Term
the electrons lost by the P700 reactive center are replaced from
Definition
photosystem II
Term
the reactions of the calvin cycle take place in the
Definition
stroma
Term
each of the following is a product of cellular respiration EXCEPT
Definition
oxygen
Term
the citric acid cycle and electron transport/chemiosmosis occur in what part of the cell
Definition
mitochondria
Term
what happens to the NADH produced during the citric acid cycle
Definition
it goes to the electron transport train to make ATP
Term
most of the ATP produced during aerobic cellular respiration are formed during
Definition
electron transport and chemiosmosis
Term
ATP contains
Definition
one base, one sugar, and three phosphate groups
Term
in a classroom experiment, you ground up some spinach in distilled water and filtered the liquid onto a piece of filter paper. the isolated organelles absorbed oxygen and released carbon dioxide. which cellular organelle was most likely on the filter paper
Definition
mitochondria
Term
energy stored within the molecules of ATP is in the form of_____energy
Definition
potential
Term
the MAIN function of the light (dependent) reactions is the:
Definition
captureing of energy to drive the Calvin cycle
Term
during aerobic respiration, oxygen is
Definition
reduced
Term
enzymes
Definition
speed up metabolic reactions
Term
an organism can exchange matter and energy with its surroundings. thus, any change in an organism's energy content must be balanced by a corresponding change in the energy content of the surroundings. as such, an organsim is referred to as:
Definition
an open system
Term
the ultimate source of energy for almost all living organisms is:
Definition
the sun
Term
in C4 plants, reactions that fix CO2 into four-carbon compounds occur in
Definition
mesophyll cells
Term
where do the light reactions of photosynthesis take place
Definition
thykaloid membranes
Term
during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, a constant supply os electrons is provided by:
Definition
water
Term
parts of the enzyme molecule that interact with a substrate are called:
Definition
active sites
Term
during chemiosmosis,___are transferred from NADH and FADH2 to electron acceptor molecules, and the energy released is used to create a(n)____gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane
Definition
electrons; protons
Term
the correct sequence of the four steps of aerobic cellular respiration is:
Definition
glycolysis, formation of acetyl CoA, citric acid cycle, electron transport chain
Term
___are all of the body's cells with the exception of the sex cells
Definition
somatic cells
Term
during glycolysis on one glucose molecule,__ATP molecules are require to get the reaction started and___ATP molecules are produced
Definition
2...4
Term
______is a process where energy (as electrons) is accepted, whereas _____is a process where energy (as electrons) is released
Definition
reduction; oxidation
Term
all organisms are classified into two general trophic groups. these two groups are:
Definition
autotrophs and heterotrophs
Term
the MAIN function of the calvin cycle is the:
Definition
fixing of carbon dioxide into a sugar molecule
Term
before the citric acid cycle can begin, the pyruvate molecules from glycolysis must be converted to
Definition
acetyl coenzyme A
Term
the substance on which an enzyme acts is called the:
Definition
substrate
Term
in a recent murder mystery, a woman died in minutes after consuming cyanide-laced sugar. forensic scientists did some research and found out that death was caused by lack of the energy rich molecule ATP, which cellular organelle was affected by this poison
Definition
mitochondria
Term
in chemiosmosis, ATP is produced as hydrogen ions (protons) pass through
Definition
ATP synthase
Term
during the reactions of photosynthesis,____ is oxidized and ____is reduced
Definition
H2O, CO2
Term
a packet of light energy is called a 
Definition
photon
Term
oxygen produced by photosynthesis comes directly from
Definition
H2O
Term
what happens to the six carbons in a glucose molecule as the molecules go through aerobic cellular respiration
Definition
they are given off as carbon dioxide
Term
in a chloroplast, there is an outer and an inner membrane. the inner membrane encloses a fluid filled region called the
Definition
stroma
Term
competitive inhibitors
Definition
bind to the active site on the enzyme
Term
during the citric acid cycle, each acetyl group entering the cycle yields
Definition
1 ATP, 3 NADH, and 1 FADH2
Term
the second law of thermodynamics states that
Definition
one usable form of energy cannot be completely converted into another usable form
Term
glycolysis occurs in what part of the cell
Definition
cytoplasm
Term
in C3 plants, the___ are typically closed at night and open during the daytime to allow for gas exchange
Definition
stomata
Term
in glycolysis, a six-carbon glucose molecule is coverted to two three-carbon molecules of
Definition
pyruvate
Term
the oxygen released from photosynthesis comes from
Definition
water
Term
photosynthetic organisms derive their carbon from
Definition
carbon dioxide
Term
cellular respiration is most accurately described as a(n)_____process
Definition
catabolic
Term
the energy yield from the complete aerobic breakdown of a single glucose
Definition
can vary with the mechanism used to shuttle NADH electrons into the mitochondrion
Term
what process is most efficient (produces the most ATP per molecule of glucose oxidized)
Definition
aerobic respiration
Term
the small input of energy required before a chemical reaction can proceed
Definition
is called the activation energy
Term
what statement concerning activation energy is FALSE
Definition
catalysts raise a reaction's activation energy
Term
kilojoules are
Definition
units of work
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