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| The Process of science is |
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Definition
- dynamic
- creative
- continuous
- interdisciplinary
- community
- constantly changing
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Definition
| structure affects function |
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| what is an atom comprised of? |
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Definition
protons
neutrons
electrons |
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Term
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Definition
| is the smallest unit of an element that holds all of the properties of that element |
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Term
| what exists in the nucleus? |
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Definition
| Protons (positively charged) and neutrons (no charge) |
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Definition
| the nucleus, and have a negative charge. has a complex orbit |
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Term
| Electrically neutral atom |
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Definition
| same number of protons as electrons |
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Term
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Definition
| number of protons in an atom |
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Definition
| total number of protons plus neutrons in an atom |
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Definition
| the binding of atoms through a strong attraction |
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Definition
| electrons move around the nucleus in these |
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Definition
| Are located in these shells |
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Definition
the number of unpaired electrons present in the outermost shell
Each unpaired electron can be used in the formation of a chemical bond |
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Definition
| an atom is the most stable when its outermost shell is full, which can be done by sharing electrons in chemical bonds |
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Definition
forms between two atoms when their unpaired electrons in the outer shell are shared
the sharing of unpaired electrons will fill an orbital for both atoms |
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Definition
| if the two atoms involved have a similar electronegativity then the electrons are shared equally- not more attracted to one atom |
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Definition
| forms when an electron is transferred from one atom to another-- the two full charges attract each other, holding the atoms together |
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Term
| Ionic bond - when it occurs |
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Definition
| occurs when the gain or loss of an electron from an atom can lead to a full outermost shell |
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Definition
Share electrons
Transfer electrons |
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Term
| water is a polar molecule |
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Definition
asymmetric distribution of electrons because they are pulled toward the oxygen atom
There is an overall polarity to the molecule (positive and negative sides) |
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Term
| what happens when many water molecules are placed near each other? |
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Definition
| the partial negative charge of O is attracted to the partial positive charge of another water molecule's H. This weak electircal attraction forms a Hydrogen bond |
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Term
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Definition
can form between a partial positive H atom and a partial negative atom.
Other polar molecules can also form hydrogen bonds with water
Similar electrical attractions can happen between any two atoms that have partial or full charges |
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Term
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Definition
can dissolve in water. They are hydrophilic
Water molecules form interactions with them, surrounding them, and pulling the polar molecules or ions into solution |
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Term
| Nonpolar or uncharged molecules |
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Definition
cannot form hydrogen bonds, so they do not dissolve in water. They are hydrophobic.
They interact with eachother because they cannot interact with water |
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Definition
describes binding between the same type of molecules
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Definition
| Water is cohesive because hydrogen bonds from between water molecules |
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Definition
| describes interactions between different types of molecules, usually refers to binding between a solid and a liquid |
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Definition
| water is adhesive when water molecules interact with a surface that is polar or charged |
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Term
| cohesive and adhesion explain why a what forms? |
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Definition
| Meniscus (concave surface) and why droplets of water form on leaves |
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Term
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Definition
| the water molecules on the surface have stronger interactions with each other because there are no water molecules above them |
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