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BIO 100 Vocab exam 3
from professor Cates BIO 100 class
25
Biology
Undergraduate 1
11/07/2011

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Term
Autotroph
Definition
An organism that is able to form nutritional organic substances from simple inorganic substances such as carbon dioxide.
Term
Chloroplast
Definition
(in green plant cells) A plastid that contains chlorophyll and in which photosynthesis takes place.
Term
Photosynthesis
Definition
The process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water.
Term
Calvin cycle
Definition
metabolic pathway found in the stroma of the chloroplast in which carbon enters in the form of CO2 and leaves in the form of sugar
Term
Light reactions (of photosynthesis)
Definition
Term
ATP (Adenosine triphosphate)
Definition
the body's energy currency - released when fuel molecules are broken down.
Term
NADPH
Definition
Term
Mitochondria
Definition
An organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur.
Term
Cellular Respiration (Aerobic)
Definition
the process by which ATP is produced by cells by the complete oxidation of organic compounds
Term
Glycolysis
Definition
The breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing energy and pyruvic acid.
Term
Kreb's Cycle
Definition
The citric acid cycle
Term
Electron transport chain
Definition
electron transfer between an electron donor (such as NADH) and an electron acceptor (such as O2) with the transfer of H+ ions (protons) across a membrane.
Term
Food Web
Definition
(or food cycle) depicts feeding connections (who eats whom) in an ecological community.
Term
Ecosystem
Definition
a biological environment consisting of all the organisms living in a particular area, as well as all the nonliving (abiotic), physical components of ...
Term
Natural Capital
Definition
the extension of the economic notion of capital (manufactured means of production) to goods and services relating to the natural environment.
Term
Trophic Level
Definition
the position it occupies in a food chain.
Term
Keystone species
Definition
A keystone species is a species that plays a critical role in maintaining the structure of an ecological community
Term
Logistic growth
Definition
Population growth in which the growth rate decreases with increasing number of individuals until it.
Term
Limiting Factor
Definition
present in an environment that controls a process, particularly the growth, abundance or distribution of a population of organisms in an ecosystem.
Term
Carrying capacity
Definition
the maximum population size of the species that the environment can sustain indefinitely,
Term
biodiversity
Definition
the degree of variation of life forms within a given ecosystem, biome, or an entire planet
Term
Evolution
Definition
The process by which different kinds of living organisms are thought to have developed and diversified from earlier forms
Term
Natural Selection
Definition
The process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.
Term
Antibiotic Resistance
Definition
drug resistance where a microorganism is able to survive exposure to an antibiotic.
Term
Selection Pressure
Definition
Any cause that reduces reproductive success in a proportion of a population, potentially exerts evolutionary pressure or selection
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