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Beryls Presentation
Beryls Presentation
14
Biology
Undergraduate 4
05/08/2011

Additional Biology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
what is illegal fishing
Definition

Conducted by vessels of countries that are party to a fisheries organization but which

 

¨Operate in violation of its rules
¨Operate in a country’s waters without permission
¨Operate on the high seas without showing a flag or other markings 

Term
What is Unreported, Unregulated Fishing?
Definition

Unreported:

¨Misreported

  and underreported catches

  FA0, 2001)

Unregulated:

Vessels flying the flag of countries that are not parties of or participants in relevant fisheries organizations 

Term
Affects of IUU FISHING
Definition

¨Estimated worldwide value of IUU catches US$4-9 billion annually (11-26 mil tons)

  (Sumaila et. al., 2006)

¨Undermines sustainable management
¨ Impacts food security
¨Erodes socio-economic opportunities
¨Penalizes cmpliant fishers when stocks decrease 
depletion of dish stocks

Term
South Africa Hout bay fishing
Definition

¨Hout Bay Fishing (May, 2001)
¨Illegal harvesting of coast rock lobster and other fishes
¨10 month investigation
¨HBF fined US$ 6.6 mil, forfeit of vessel, equipment and fish in South Africa
¨About US$170,000 for bribery of fisheries inspectors
¨Directors of HBF- fined US$7.4 mil and 88mnths jail term in USA

Term
South Africa Abalone Fisheries
Definition


¨Poaching of sublegal size

  abalone (shell width-114mm,

  shell length- 144mm)

 

¨Targeting of shallow water

  populations due to easy

  accessibility (Tarr, 2000)

 

¨Impact on egg production

Term
Carribean
Definition

¨David McNab + U.S.A Lobster Customers (Nov, 2003)
¨Illegal harvest and importation of Caribbean spiny lobster tails into U.S.A.
¨Harvest of undersized lobsters
¨Harvest of egg-bearing lobsters and shrimps during closed seasons
¨Lobster parts with eggs attached were clipped off

 

¨Investigation headed by U.S.A. NOAA
¨No violation of Lacey Act by McNab
¨Defendants sentenced to a total of 121 months imprisonment
¨Illegal fishing reduced spiny lobster fishery in the Carribean between 1995- 2000 

Term
Action taken in carribean
Definition

¨Adoption of FAO codes by CRFM
¨Adoption of IPOA-IUU
¨High Sea Fishing Act which mandates licensing of high seas vessels
¨Compliance with RFMO regulations
¨Strengthening authority to de-register vessels

 

¨ IPOA-IUU - voluntary instrument listing measures that countries should adopt depending on the nature of their fisheries in order to eliminate IUU fishing

Term
results of actions taken in carribean 
Definition

¨No substantial success on fisheries despite

  actions taken by CRFM

 

¨Reasons
vLimited financial resources
§Few patrols and surveillance
vCorruption by fisheries officers
vWeak laws to effectively deter IUU fishing
vWeak laws not enforced 

Term
Australian fishing IUU
Definition

decline in sharks and reefs

trochus

sea cucumber

 

 

¨Australian customs
¨2005-13,018 illegal fishing vessels were sighted in Australian waters
¨
¨Only 600 were apprehended
¨
¨Destruction of wooden boat due to unidentified marine growth
¨
¨Warning shot by Australian customs to apprehend illegal fishers

¨Profit of Australian fisheries will double by 2020 if IUU fishing ceased by 2007

 

¨Management policies in place will lead to an estimated 95% of total marine catches within A-EEZ

 

Term
indonesian fisherman
Definition

¨Use of weapons
¨Jamming spikes at inspectors attempting to board vessels
Pit bull dogs on board the vessel

Term
intenarional level actions taken
Definition

 

¨LOSC
¨UNCED
¨APEC
¨APEC Fisheries Working Group
¨FAO Code of Conduct for

  Responsible Fisheries

 

Term
regional actions taken
Definition

¨AFMA- deter and apprehend illegal foreign fishing activity within the AFZ

 

 

¨Amendment of fisheries laws to make enforcement and surveillance of foreign fishing more effective

Term
Discussion and Future Directions: challenges
Definition

Ineffective implementation of policies
Lack of voluntary compliance

 

¨Development of a global database on fishing vessels and activities
¨
¨Global violations and prosecutions database
¨
¨Strengthening of international and regional FRMOs

Term
lacey act
Definition

Unlawful for any person to import, export, transport, sell, receive, acquire, or purchase any fish or wildlife or plant taken, possessed, transported, or sold in violation of any law, treaty, or regulation of the United States or in violation of any Indian tribal law whether in interstate or foreign commerce. 

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