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Benchmark Review
atoms, elements, cells
51
Biology
10th Grade
10/14/2009

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Term
biosphere contains:
Definition
all living things
Term
Earth's biodiversity is greater in:
Definition
warmer areas
Term
what's an organism?
Definition
individual living thing
Term
cell
Definition
basic unit of life
Term
system
Definition
when parts interact to make a whole
Term
homeostasis
Definition
maintenance of constant internal conditions in an organism
Term
adaptation
Definition
inherited trait that gives advantage to individual organisms & passed to future generations
Term
scientist manipulates the:
Definition
independent variable
Term
to view details of cell, use microscope
Definition
microscope
Term
element
Definition
can't be broken down by ordinary chemical means
Term
ion
Definition
when an atom gains or loses an electron
Term
adhesion
Definition
attraction among molecules of different structures
Term
adhesion
Definition
attraction among molecules of different structures
Term
cohesion
Definition
attraction among molecules of A cell
Term
why water is necessary for body
Definition
chemical processes cant take part without dissolving in water
Term
carbon's unique because:
Definition
each carbon has 4 unpaired electrons in outer energy level
Term
carbohydrates include:
Definition
sugars & starches
Term
lipids contain:
Definition
fats, oils, & cholesterol
Term
amino acids
Definition
building blocks of proteins
Term
2 types of nuceic acids:
Definition
DNA & RNA
Term
How do chemical reactions change substances into different substances?
Definition
by breaking & forming chemical bonds
Term
activation energy
Definition
amount of energy needed to be absorbed for a chemical reaction to start
Term
How do enzymes affect chemical reactions in living organisms?
Definition
lower activation energy & increase rate of chemical reactions
Term
enzymes react specifically on:
Definition
substrates
Term
How do changes in temperature & pH decrease enzyme's activity?
Definition
may break apart
Term
invention that played biggest role in discovery of cells:
Definition
single-lens microscope
Term
3 parts of cell theory:
Definition
1) all organisms made of cells
2)all existing cells produces by others
3)cell=most basic unit of life
Term
prokaryotic cells lack:
Definition
nucleus & membrane-bound organelles
Term
organelles
Definition
specialized structures that work together in a cell
Term
cytoskeleton
Definition
network of proteins that support & give shape to cell
Term
Golgi Apparatus
Definition
process, sort, deliver proteins
Term
organelle found in cytoplasm & ER
Definition
proteins
Term
job of lysosome
Definition
defend cell from invading bacteria & viruses
Term
difference between plant & animal cells
Definition
plant cells=cell wall, cytoplasm
animal cells=cell membrane
Term
model used to describe cell membrane
Definition
fluid mosaic model
Term
description of cell membrane structure
Definition
flexible; fluidlike
Term
selective permeability
Definition
allow some, but not all materials to cross
Term
does NOT require energy from the cell
Definition
passive transport
Term
water molecules move into cell when surrounding=
Definition
isotonic
Term
osmosis
Definition
water molecules move across semipermeable membrane from area of higher water conc. to lower
Term
concentration gradient:
Definition
difference in concentration of substance from one location to another
Term
active transport requires:
Definition
energy
Term
all cells use :
Definition
energy
Term
ATP molecules ____ energy
Definition
transfer
Term
energy released from ATP molecule when:
Definition
phosphate group is removed
Term
photosynthesis:
Definition
captures energy from sunlight to make sugars that store chemical energy
Term
organism that makes its own source of chemical energy
Definition
chemosynthetic
Term
chlorophyll
Definition
main light absorbing pigment in plant leaves
Term
cellular respiration
Definition
breaks down sugars to make ATP when oxygen is present
Term
part of cellular respiration which glucose is broken down
Definition
glycolysis
Term
function of oxygen in cellular respiration
Definition
make ATP
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