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Beh. Neuroscience (Ch. 6)
Carlson - Physiology of Behavior (10th ed.)
35
Psychology
Graduate
03/01/2009

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Term
Sensory transduction
Definition
Changing light, sound, chemical, and other forms of energy into neural impulses
Term
Doctrine of specific nerve energies
Definition
-In effect at the final destination; brain sums all of the incoming signals and forms a sensory experience
-Any stimulation of the optic nerve (physical, etc.) will result in a visual percept
Term
Hue
Definition
Determined by the wavelength of light; perceived as color
Term
Brightness
Definition
Determined by the intensity (or amplitude) of the wavelength
Term
Saturation
Definition
Determined by the purity of the wavelength (more pure = more saturation)
Term
Vergence movement
Definition
Cooperative movement of the eyes, ensuring the image of an object falls on identical portions of both retinas
Term
Saccadic movement
Definition
Rapid, jerky movement of the eyes used in scanning a visual scene
Term
Pursuit movement
Definition
The movement that the eyes make to maintain an image of a moving object on the fovea
Term
Cells in the retina (5)
Definition
Photoreceptors, horizontal, bipolar, amacrine, and ganglion
Term
Lamella
Definition
A layer of membrane containing photopigments; found in the rods and cones
Term
Photopigments (2)
Definition
Opsin (a protein) and retinal (a lipid)
Term
Rhodopsin
Definition
A particular opsin found in rods (rod opsin + retinal)
Term
Lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN)
Definition
A group of cell bodies located in the thalamus; receives inputs from the retina and passes to the primary visual cortex
Term
Magnocellular layer
Definition
Inner two layers of the LGN; transmits info involved in perception of form, movement, depth, and brightness to layer 4c alpha of the visual cortex (primarily involves rods)
Term
Parvocellular layer
Definition
Four outer layers in the LGN; transmits info important for perception of color and fine details to layer 4c beta of the visual cortex (primarily involves cones)
Term
Koniocellular sublayer
Definition
Found ventral to magnocellular and parvocellular layers; transmits info from "blue" (short-wavelength) cones to layers 2 & 3 of the visual cortex
Term
Optic chiasm
Definition
Cross-shaped connection b/t the optic nerves, located below the base of the brain, anterior to the pituitary gland
Term
Calcarine fissure
Definition
Horizontal fissure on the inner surface of the posterior cerebral cortex; location of primary visual (striate) cortex
Term
Receptive field
Definition
Portion of the visual field in which the presentation of visual stimuli will produce an alteration in the firing rate of a particular neuron
Term
Neural circuity in the retina
Definition
Light produces hyperpolarization in the photoreceptor, resulting in depolarization of bipolar cell, resulting in increased glumate release, which ultimately activates the ganglion cell
Term
Trichromatic color coding
Definition
There are three different types of cones in the reinta, each responding to a different color wavelength (blue, green, and red)
Term
Opponent-process color coding
Definition
ON and OFF ganglion cells sensitive to color (blue/yellow, red/green)
Term
Simple cells
Definition
Respond best to orientation in a center-surround fashion
Term
Complex cells
Definition
Respond best to lines of a specific orientation moving within the receptive field
Term
Hypercomplex cells
Definition
Respond best to orientation, but also to length of line; they detect ends of lines
Term
Cytochrome oxidase (CO) blob
Definition
Central region of a module of the primary visual cortex, revealed by a stain for CO, containing wavelength-sensitive neurons; part of the parvocellular system
Term
Ocular dominance
Definition
The extent to which a particular neuron receives more input from one eye than from the other
Term
Extrastriate cortex
Definition
Region of visual association cortex that receives fibers from the striate cortex and superior colliculi; projects to inferior temporal cortex
Term
Dorsal stream
Definition
Involved in the perception of spatial location; begins w/ striate cortex and ends with posterior parietal cortex
Term
Ventral stream
Definition
Involved in the perception of form; begins w/ striate cortex and ends w/ inferior temporal cortex
Term
Inferior temporal cortex
Definition
Highest level of ventral stream; involved in perception of objects, including bodies and faces
Term
Posterior parietal cortex
Definition
Highest level of the dorsal stream; involved in perception of movement and spatial location
Term
Color constancy
Definition
The relatively constant appearance of colors of objects viewed under varying lighting conditions
Term
Lateral occipital complex (LOC)
Definition
A region of the extrastriate cortex, involved in perception of objects OTHER than bodies and faces
Term
Intraparietal sulcus (IPS)
Definition
End of dorsal stream; involved in perception of location, visual attention, and control of eye/hand movements
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