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BehaviorAnalysis Unit III
Miller Lessons 16-20
33
Psychology
Undergraduate 3
04/22/2013

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Term
Stimulus Control Strategy Tactics
Definition
1. narrow stimulus control through discrimination training
2. broaden stimulus control through generalization training
3. create new stimulus control through temporarily using prompts
4. create complex stimulus control through imitation training and instructional training
5. making reinforcement more practical by creating conditioned reinforcers
Term
Stimulus Control
Definition
the increased probability of a discriminated behavior produced by a stimulus (SD)
Term
Discrimination Training
Definition
procedure where a behavior is reinforced in the presence of one stimulus and extinguished in the presence of another
Term
Discriminative Stimulus (SD)
Definition
stimulus that precedes the behavior and is present only if reinforcement will occur for the behavior
Term
S-Delta
Definition
stimulus that precedes the behavior and is present only if extinction will occur for that behavior
Term
Discriminated Behavior
Definition
a behavior that is more likely to occur in the presence of an SD than in the presence of an S-Delta
Term
Discriminated Response
Definition
a single incidence of discriminated behavior
Term
Generalization Training
Definition
procedure of reinforcing a behavior in a series of situations until it generalizes to other members of the stimulus class
Term
Generalization
Definition
the occurence of a behavior in the presence of novel stimulus
Term
Novel Stimulus
Definition
any stimulus in whose presence the person's behavior has not been reinforced
Term
Stimulus Class
Definition
a set of related stimuli
Term
Generalization Training Method
Definition
train behavior with on person/situation first, then reinforce with another person/situation to cause generalization
Term
Similar Stimuli Method
Definition
train behavior with similar stimuli to those present in everyday situation
Term
Generalization of Extinction
Definition
extinguish problem behavior in two situations to produce generalized extinction in others
Term
Concept Formation
Definition
result of process when discrimination training is generalized so that a person can discriminate whether a stimulus is within or outside of a stimuli class
Term
Use of prompts in programming and fading
Definition
Used to develop stimulus control when the person being trained never responds to that stimulus. Both procedures temporarily use an added stimulus (prompt) whose control is already established to evoke responses in the presence of a novel stimulus.
Term
Prompts
Definition
an added stimulus that increases the probability that a person will make the correct response in the presence of a novel stimulus

inspires a desired response and is withdrawn when practical
Term
Fading
Definition
procedure with temporary use of a prompt that is gradually withdrawn to establish a specific discrimination

prompt desired behavior then shift stimulus control solely to SD
Term
Programming
Definition
Procedure that temporarily uses prompts to establish a generalization

prompt behavior then reinforce same behavior in series of novel stimulus until it generalizes to other members of that stimulus class
Term
Programmed Instruction
Definition
programming procedure that provides a series of instructions and requires a written response, provides immediate feedback on accuracy, and uses small steps to reach desired behavior

usually teaches complex verbal behavior, programmed reading
Term
Fading uses prompts to establish discrimination between blank blank stimuli. Programming uses prompts to teach generalization of a blank blank
Definition
two specific

class of stimuli
Term
Imitation Training
Definition
Procedure where teacher demonstrates imitative stimulus, learner emits imitative behavior, and teacher reinforces it

type of discrimination training
Term
Modeling
Definition
showing imitative stimulus but doesn't have learner emit imitative behavior

if effective it is called observational learning
Term
Instructional Training
Definition
procedure where a teacher gives a verbal description, learner emits a instructed response, and teacher reinforces it

usually type of discrimination training
Term
Generalized Instruction Following
Definition
instuction following behavior generalized by following one instruction and reinforcing it, then repeating until the instruction following response is generalized
Term
Efficiency of Instructional training
Definition
advantages: simpler and more direct than reinforcement alone, alternative to shaping

cons: cannot be used with people without verbal skills
Term
Efficiency of Imitation Training
Definition
advantages: teach behaviors that cannot be described such as signing and driving a stick shift
Term
Primary Reinforcer
Definition
Any reinforcer that loses its effectiveness only temporarily due to satiation

bioligically based
Term
Conditioned Reinforcer
Definition
Any reinforcer that loses its effectiveness permanently through unpaired presentations

usually social
Term
Backup Reinforcer
Definition
Any reinforcer that makes a generalized or conditioned reinforcer effective
Term
Generalized Reinforcers
Definition
A conditioned reinforcer that is associated with many other back up reinforcers

effectiveness dependent on backup reinforcers

use principle of immediacy
Term
Examples of Generalized Reinforcer
Definition
money
point based systems
token economies
Term
Stimulus/Response Chain
Definition
a sequence where each behavior produces an SD for the next behavior and the last behavior is reinforced

examples: walking, singing songs, solving math problems
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