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Behavioral
Exam 1 Lectures
89
Veterinary Medicine
Professional
09/19/2015

Additional Veterinary Medicine Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What are the two types of behavioral problems?
Definition
-behavior and obedience
Term
What are obedience problems?
Definition
-"normal" dogs that misbehave
Term
True or False: Poor obedience is the primary cause of behavioral problems.
Definition
FALSE
Term
Estimated that __% of your patients are lost each year due to behavioral problems.
Definition
-15%
Term
__ million is spent on treating human injuries inflicted by animals. Insurance costs due to dog bits ay exceed __ billion annually.
Definition
-25
-1
Term
Approximately how many dogs in the US are euthanized every year? What is the number one reason?
Definition
-50 million
-behavior
Term
Approximately what percent of clients have concerns about their pets behavior?
Definition
-70-90
Term
What are the 5 components of the lymbic system?
Definition
-cyngulate gyri
-dentate gyri
-hippocampus
-parahippocampal gyri
-subcallosal gyri
Term
What are the 5 steps of problem solving?
Definition
-ID problem
-differentials
-evaluate causes
-eliminate causes
-reevaluate problem
Term
What is the most important part of a history for a behavior issue?
Definition
-ALL who routinely interact with the animal should be present
Term
Name a few of the components of a history.
Definition
-why are you asking?
-guilt?
-determine primary caretaker
-normal routine
-other pets
-eating/feeding behaviors
-urination/defecation
-activity when left alone
-sleeping habits
-area
-medical history
-history of average day
-frequency of issue
-past owners and treatments
-anything else
Term
What are few of the components in prevention of behavioral issues?
Definition
-breeding programs
-owner/animal suitability
-temperment testing
-socialization
-client education
-early detection and intervention
Term
The dog is thought to be derived from the wolf. What are a few differences? Similarities?
Definition
-Differences: inc docility and adaptability
-Similarities: physical features
Term
What are the 4 classic roles of the dog?
Definition
-food, clothing, shelter, and transportation
Term
What are a few of the expanded roles of the dog?
Definition
-companionship and service
-research and extension of our senses
Term
Discuss the shared aspects of the dog's social system.
Definition
-extended maternal care
-sexually mature before socially mature
-extensive verbal and non-verbal communication
-fluid hierarchy based on deference
Term
Outline the 5 stages of canine development
Definition
-Neonatal stage: birth too 13 d
-Transitional: 13--19d
-Socialization: 19d-12w
-Juvenile: 12w-sexual maturity
-Adult: beyond sexual maturity
Term
At what age does a dog reach social maturity?
Definition
-18-24m
Term
Outline the socialization age of dogs. There are three important divisions.
Definition
-3-8w: interaction with other dogs
-5-7w: interaction with people
-10-20w: exploring novel environments
Term
Describe the way a dog communicates.
Definition
-sight: body language
-sound
-smell
Term
What are the different kinds of communicative sounds a dog makes?
Definition
-infantile: whine, whimper, cry
-warning: bark, growl
-eliciting: howl
-withdrawal: yelp
-pleasure: moan
Term
If a dog decreases distance, what does it mean? Increases?
Definition
-Decreases = submissive
-Increases = aggressive
Term
What 5 points on a dog suggest body language?
Definition
-position of ears
-position of the lips and mouth
-eye contact
-tail position
-piloerection
Term
What was the domestic cat derived from?
Definition
-Felis ibyca, the Kaffir cat
Term
Who originally domesticated the cat?
Definition
-Egyptians
Term
Definition: Sensitive periods
Definition
-age range during which a young animal is most responsive to stimuli
Term
When should cats be socialized to humans?
Definition
-2-7w
Term
How do genetics play a role in feline behavior?
Definition
-offspring of friendly cats are more likely to be friendly and vice versa
-born with the capacity to learn social skills but not born with the skills themselves
Term
True or False: Mother-kitten relationship is vital for normal development of inter-cat social skills.
Definition
TRUE
Term
Do cats have a low or high degree of observational learning?
Definition
-high
-ex: hunting
Term
It is recommended that kittens remain with mother and littermates until __ weeks of age.
Definition
-8
Term
Describe the temporal progression of play in a kitten.
Definition
-explorative play begins during first 7 weeks
-social play begins at 3w and peaks around 9-14w of age (dev inter-cat skills)
-object play that developes eye-paw coordination begins at 7w
Term
Describe the olfactory factors in feline communication.
Definition
-pheromones highly important, urine, feces, facial skin glands
Term
Describe the acoustics of feline communication.
Definition
-murmur, vowel, strained, intensity
Term
Copare/contrast dog and cat body language.
Definition
-Dog: tail up = aggressive/ tail down = happy
-Cat: tail up = happy/ tail down = stay away
Term
Do cats have an open or closed society?
Definition
-closed society (insular group)
Term
Social grouping is most dependant on the availability of ______.
Definition
-food
Term
Are feline social groups formed around the tom or queen?
Definition
-queen
Term
Between cats and dogs, who has a bff?
Definition
-cats
Term
What are physical signs of affection from a cat?
Definition
-Nose touching
-Allogrooming: head and neck
-Allorubbing: spread colony odor
Term
Definition: Dominance
Definition
-if one individual consistently submits or gives way to another individual as a consequence of prior experience with that individual
Term
What are the signals for dominance in cats?
Definition
-stare, stiff legs, stiff ears roatated laterally, elevated base of tail with remainder drooped (dominance droop)
Term
What are signs of submission in a cat?
Definition
-looking away, crouching, flattering ears, curl tail laterally, roll over, spatial avoidance
Term
What is a bully cat?
Definition
-dominant individual who signals ecessively and exter dominance frequently
-leads to peeing wards
Term
True or False: If there is a drug for a behavioral problem, that should be your first treatment.
Definition
FALSE, used as an adjunct to appropriate behavioral modification
Term
What is a neurotransmitter?
Definition
-responsible for the transmission of impulses from one neuron to another
-released by pre-synaptic neuron and bind with a receptor on the post-synaptic neuron
Term
Definition: excitatory
Definition
-inc the firing of the post-synaptic neuron
Term
Definition: Inhibitory
Definition
-dec the firing of the post-synaptic neuron
Term
Definition: Down-regulation
Definition
-receptors become hyposensitive due to constant stimulation
Term
Definition: Up-regulation
Definition
-receptors become hypersensitive due to lack of stimulaiton or blockage of stimulation
Term
Describe Acetylcholine
Definition
-neurotransmitter of the NMJ in para and symp
Term
ACh binds to nicotinic and muscarinic Rc's. What do they each do?
Definition
-Nicotinic: excitatory
-Muscarinic: dec HR, inc GI
Term
What are the catecholamines? What do they cause and when are they released?
Definition
-Dopamine, epinephrine, norepinepherine, serotonin
-Released during stress (from CNS stim and anxiety)
-cause arousal of ANS
Term
If the catecholamines are chronically stimulated, what happens?
Definition
-down-regulation and depletion resulting in depression
Term
Dopamine neurons in the midbrain extend into the ______ system. It is degraded primarily by what enzyme?
Definition
-limbic
-monoamine oxidase B
Term
Excessive dopamine may be associated with what processes?
Definition
-sterotypies and schizophrenia
Term
Altered dopamine transmission may lead to cognitive decline, ______, and ______.
Definition
-anxiety
-depression
Term
Norepinephrine is the primary catecholamine ___ neurotransmitter.
Definition
-CNS
Term
What is the principle nucleus for norepinephrine release?
Definition
-locus ceruleus
-sends neurons into the thalamus, cortex, cerebellum, and spinal cord
Term
Activation of the locus ceruleas leads to what behaviors?
Definition
-fear and defensive aggression
Term
What secreted epinephrine? What stimulates its release?
Definition
-secreted by the adrenal gland
-stimulated by norepinepherine
Term
NE + epi cause what sympathetic effects?
Definition
-pupilary dilation, piloerection, tachycardia
Term
How is serotonin important? What happens if its levels decrease?
Definition
-sleep-wake cycle, mood, and emotions
-depression, anxiety, and aggression
Term
What is the most widespread NT in the brain? Is it mostly excitatory or inhibitory?
Definition
-GABA
-inhibitory
Term
For Benzodiazepines, describe the following:
a) mech
b) behavioral action
c) side effects
d) drugs
e) use
Definition
a) potentiate GABA
b) anxiolytic
c) sedation, hyperphagia, paradoxical aggression/excitement, dependence
d) Diazepan (Valium), alprazolam (Xanax)
e) short term, immediate anxiolytic
Term
For Tricyclin antidepressants (TCA's) describe the following:
a) mech
b) behavioral action
c) side effects
d) drugs
e) use
Definition
a) block re-uptake of NE and serotonin
b) anxiolytic
c) Common: anticholinergic, antihistaminic, alpha-adrenergic
d) Clomipramine (Clomicalm for separation anxiety), Amitriptyline (Elavil)
e) long term anxiolytic
Term
Specific Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) describe the following:
a) mech
b) behavioral action
c) side effects
d) drugs
e) use
Definition
a) block re-uptake of serotonin
b) anxiolytic
c) fewer than TCA's
d) Fluoxetine (Reconcile)
e) long term anxiolytic
Term
How long before you see efficacy with Tricyclin antidepressants?
Definition
-4-6w
Term
How long before you see efficacy with Specific Serotonin Reuptake Inhibiotrs (SSRIs)?
Definition
-6w
Term
Serotonin Agonists describe the following:
a) mech
b) behavioral action
c) side effects
d) drugs
e) use
Definition
a) serotonin agonist
b) anxiolytic (bully cats: makes victim brave)
c) unknown
d) Buspirone (Buspar)
e) long term anxiolytic
Term
Serotonin Agonist Reuptake INhibitors describe the following:
a) mech
b) behavioral action
c) side effects
d) drugs
e) use
Definition
-Trazidone
-used for immediate, long-term anxiolytic
Term
Monoamine Oxidase B Inhibitors (MAOI's) describe the following:
a) mech
b) behavioral action
c) side effects
d) drugs
e) use
Definition
a) irreversible blockade of MAO-B
b) improve cognitive function
c) serotonin crisis
d) selegiline or L-deprenyl (Anipryl
e) cognitive dysfunction
CANNOT BE COMBINED WITH ANY OTHER DRUGS
Term
What is the goal of behavior modification?
Definition
-to replace inappropriate behavior with appropriate behavior through a series of training procedures and other ancillary modifiers
Term
True or False: Behavior modification is just the fancy way of saying obedience training.
Definition
FALSE, uses food rewards or other positive modifiers as a salary, not as a bribe
-takes place in a stepwise fasion that takes TIME
Term
Explain how deference works.
Definition
-the general concept is nothing in life is free
-requires consistency and places owner in control of all interactions with the animal
-works b/c it is consistent
Term
What is the purpose of relaxation training?
Definition
-to teach the dog to sit and stay while relaxing in a series of tasks
Term
What is Phase I of behavior modification?
Definition
-relaxation trianing
Term
What is the second phase of behavior modification?
Definition
-Desensitization and counterconditioning
Term
What is the number one mistake made during relaxation training?
Definition
-it must be done outside of the scary situation
Term
What is the purpose of desensitization?
Definition
-to minimize reaction to stimulus
Term
Explain desensitization.
Definition
-do whatever freaks out the animal until you start seeing it bein uncomfortable, then stop the stimulation
Term
What is the purpose of counterconditioning?
Definition
-to replace a behavior with another, more appropriate behavior
-replaces the inappropriate behavior with sitting and relaxing
Term
Definition: reinforcement
Definition
-anything that increases the likelihood that a behavior will recur
-either positive (Addition) or negative (withdrawal)
Term
Definition: Punishment
Definition
-anything that decreases the likelihood that a behavior will recur
-either positive (addition) or negative (withdrawal)
Term
What are the 3 rules of reinforcement and punishment?
Definition
1) must be appropriate in intensity
2) must happen immediately
3) must happen every time
Term
Is it a good idea to spay-neuter your pets in regard to behavior issues? Why or why not?
Definition
-YES
-removes hormonal influence on behavior (makes everything quicker, longer, and more intense)
-removes genetic transference
-may make dom aggressive females early worse
Term
Discus Promis/Halti Collars.
Definition
-more like dog communication than neck collars (pressure on back of neck and closes the muzzle)
-humanely closes the dog's mount
-prevents neck damage
Term
Discuss Citronella Bark Collars.
Definition
-sprays a noxious substance across the dog's nose when stimulated
-can be remotely controlled or activated by vibration (barking)
-used to interrupt behavior
Term
Discuss clicker training.
Definition
-use unconditional response and pair it with a clicker sound as positive reinforcement to reward good action
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