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Behavioral Sciences
Harder to remember stuff from psych/stats
23
Medical
Professional
05/28/2012

Additional Medical Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

What kind of study compares a group of people with a disease to a group without it?

 

What kind of study compares a group of people with an EXPOSURE to a group of people that haven't been exposed?

Definition

case control study

 

cohort study

Term
What study looks at the frequency of a disease of a group of people?
Definition

cross-sectional

 

Term
what is it called when you compare the rate of a certain disease in monozygotic twins versus dizigotic twins to determine heritability?
Definition
Twin concordance study
Term
When is a clinical study of the highest quality?
Definition
when it is randomized, controlled and double-blinded
Term
What are the different phases of clinical studies?
Definition

phase 1 - healthy volunteers to assess risk (small #), phase 2 - people w disease to assess risk (small #),

phase 3 - large number of pts comparing to best current tx

phase 4 - after approved looking for rare side effects

Term

What is the formula for sensitivity?

 

Definition

TP/TP + FN (the amount of times disease is correctly identified - rules out)

 

Term
What is the formula for specificity?
Definition
TN / TN + FP (the ability to detect health when the patient is actually healthy - rules in)
Term
What is the acronym for sensitivity and specificity?
Definition
SNOUT and SPIN - sensitivity rules out, specificity rules in
Term
What is the positive predictive value?
Definition
proportion of positive tests that are actually positive (TP/ TP + FP)
Term
What is the negative predictive value?
Definition
TN / TN + FN (the percentage of negative tests that are actually negative)
Term
What are prevalence and incidence?
Definition

prevalence - total cases in a population at a given time / total population

 

incidence - total new cases in a population at a given time/ total population at risk

 

Term
What is the difference between random error and systematic error?
Definition

random error - your not precise, systematic error - consistent but not accurate

 

precise = consistent, so you can be consistently wrong :)

Term
What is the power of a study?
Definition
the probability of correctly rejecting the null hypothesis (you say there's a difference and there really is)
Term
If you have the same standard deviation but increase your sample size you can still decrease the standard error of your mean... t/f?
Definition
true - SEM = sigma/ (sq root (sample size))
Term
What's important about the confidence interval?
Definition
if the confidence interval of two different groups overlaps then there is not a significant difference between them
Term
What are the T test, ANOVA and chi-square tests?
Definition
t test - compares the mean of 2 groups, ANOVA - compares the mean of 3 or more groups, chi square - compares 2+ percentages/proportions
Term
What value should r be close to in order to say tehre's a correlation btw 2 variables?
Definition
1
Term
What are the leading causes of death by age group?
Definition
<1yo - congenital abnormalities, 1-24 is injuries, 24-65 is cancer, 65+ heart disease
Term
What are the different parts of medicaire?
Definition
part a = inpatient, skilled nursing and home/hospice care, part b - outpatient care, doctor's office, PT/IT, part c - combination of A and B, part D - stand alone prescription drug coverage
Term
What things count as two points on the APGAR score?
Definition
whole body pink, > 100/min HR, grimace + cough, activity good, regular respiration
Term
What counts as a low birth weight?
Definition
<2500 grams
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