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Behavioral Neuroscience
Mini Exam 2
29
Psychology
Undergraduate 3
09/24/2012

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Term
Neurophysiology
Definition
The life processes within neurons which are specialized to use both electrical and chemical signals.
Term
Action Potential
Definition
The propagated electrical message of a neuron that travels along the axon to the presynaptic axon terminals.
Term
Neurotransmitter
Definition
Chemical released when action potential reaches axon terminals that stimulates spinal motoneurons.
Term
Ion
Definition
Electrically charged molecules
Term
Anions
Definition
Negatively charged ions. The majority of ions in a neuron are these.(proteins, chloride ion)
Term
Cations
Definition
Positively charged ions. (potassium, sodium)
Term
Intracellular Fluid
Definition
AKA Cytoplasm. Watery solution found within cells. Dissolves ions.
Term
Extracelluar Fluid
Definition
The fluid in the spaces between cells separated from the cytoplasm by the cell membrane. Also found in the vascular system.
Term
Cell Membrane
Definition
Lipid bilayer that ensheathes a cell.
Term
Microelectrode
Definition
An espescially small electrode used to record electrical potentials from living cells.
Term
Resting Membrane Potential
Definition
A difference in electrical potential across the membrane of ta nerve cell during an inactive period.
Term
Milivolts
Definition
1/1000th of a volt
Term
Negative Polarity
Definition
A negative electrical potential difference relative to a reference electrode.
Term
Lipid Bilayer
Definition
Two layers of linked fatty molecules within which float various specialized proteins, like receptors.
Term
Ion Channels
Definition
Tubelike pore that allows ions of specific type to pass through the membrane.
Term
Gated Ion Channel
Definition
An ion channel that can open and close in response to factors such as chemicals, voltage changes, or mechanical actions.
Term
Potassium Ion (K+)
Definition
A potassium ion that has lost one electron and carries a positive charge.
Term
Selective Permeability
Definition
That a membrane can let some substances through but not others.
Term
Diffusion
Definition
The force that makes molecules move from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration.
Term
Concentration Gradient
Definition
How much something is concentrated within a reigon.
Term
Electrostatic Pressure
Definition
How electrically charged molecules tend to move to areas that have molecules of the opposite charge.
Term
The two opposing forces that drive ions in and out of a neuron.
Definition
1) Diffusion
2) Electrostatic Pressure
Term
Sodium-Potassium Pump
Definition
Pushes (3) sodium ions into a cell for every (2) potassium ions pumped in. Lots of energy consumed!
Term
Equilibrium
Definition
The point at which movement across the cell membrane is balanced. This corresponds to the cell's resting potential.
Term
How are action potentials triggered?
Definition
1) Hyperpolarization
2) Depolarization
Term
Hyperpolarization
Definition
An increase in membrane potential AKA the neuron becomes MORE negative on the inside than the outside. Membrane potential is FARTHER from zero.
Term
Depolarization
Definition
A decrease in membrane potential AKA the interior of the neuron becomes LESS negative. Membrane potential is CLOSER to zero.
Term
Local Potential
Definition
idk
Term
Threshold
Definition
Stimulus intensity that's enough to trigger an action potential at the axon hillock.
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