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Before 1500s: History: In Class Notes: 10/24/2016
Before 1500s: History: In Class Notes: 10/24/2016
71
History
Undergraduate 1
10/24/2016

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Cards

Term
What separates the Islam view of the Adam and Eve Story, and the Christian view?
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Definition
Eve doesn't get a bad rap
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There is no original sin
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There is no trinity
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Term
Tawhid
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Definition
Oneness, there is one God.
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Everyone should be united under their religious beliefs as one community
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Term
All muslims believe in what?
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Definition
The five pillars
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Term
All buddhists believe in what?
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Definition
The four noble truths and the eighth fold path
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Term
What is the Significance of the Five Pillars of Islam?
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Definition
To help form an Umma
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Term
Umma
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Definition
One community, united by religion
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Term
What are the Five Pillars of Islam?
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Definition
Fasting
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Pilgrimage
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Pledging faith
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Ritual Prayer
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Charity
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Term
What is the Declaration of Faith of Islam?
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Definition
There is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is his prophet
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Term
Stating the Declaration of Faith three times with intent, will make you what?
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Definition
A muslim
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Term
Is the Declaration of Faith practical?
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Definition
Yes, because it is to the point, and concise.
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Term
All of the five pillars are equally what...?
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Definition
Equally important
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Term
Everyone doing the same ritual and prayer, at the same time creates a strong feeling of what?
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Definition
Community
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Term
What is Islamic Ritual Prayer Like?
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Definition
Face Mecca, and complete the same ritual and prayer at the same time, as everyone else
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Term
In Islam how is sin measured?
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Definition
Not all sins are equal
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Term
How does fasting promote group solidarity?
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Definition
It is a group commitment to complete the same task, at the same time, while focusing on their shared religious beliefs.
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Term
When does Ramadan fasting take place?
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Definition
On the ninth month on the lunar calendar, a fasting from day break to sunset.
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Term
What are things you can't do during Ramadan?
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Definition
There is no drinking, no sex, and no smoking
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Term
What was the Tribal Society of the Arabian Penisula like?
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Definition
Patriarchal
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Tribal
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Pre-Islam was very Polytheistic
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Term
Once in your life you are supposed to make a pilgrimage where, when you practice Islam?
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Definition
Travel to Mecca
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Term
Before Islam, other polytheistic religions used to also take pilgrimages where?
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Definition
To Mecca
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Term
When does the Pilgrimage take place?
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Definition
The twelfth month of the lunar calendar
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Term
What title do you get to add to your name, if you go on the pilgrimage to Mecca?
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Definition
Hajji
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Term
What does Hegira mean?
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Definition
Migration
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Term
When was the Hegira?
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Definition
622 CE
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Term
What was the Hegira?
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Definition
When Muhammad gained political, religious, and military power after migrating with his followers from Mecca to Medina and form the first Umma
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Term
What is Year One in the Muslim calendar?
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Definition
1 A.H.
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The date of the Hegira
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Term
What was the first Umma?
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Definition
The Madinese Community, founded by Muhammad
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Term
When did Muhammad die?
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Definition
632
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Term
Neither of Muhammad son's lived, and he never specified who his heir would be, so who took on the role of Muhammad?
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Definition
Abu Bakr
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Term
In Islam, religion and law are what?
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Definition
United
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Term
Who all were blood relatives of Muhammad?
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Definition
Ali = his cousin who Muhammad was raised with
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His four daughters
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His uncle
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Term
Shia
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Definition
Believe that Ali should be the heir of Muhammad
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Term
Sunni
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Definition
Believe that old people who judge people in the community by the Hadiths, should vote who the heir of Muhammad should be
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Term
What is a Caliph?
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Definition
A deputy who takes over for Muhammad
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Term
Who were the four rightly guided Caliphs?
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Definition
The four Caliphs who each knew Muhammad
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Term
What was the first rightfully guided Caliph?
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Definition
Abu Bakr
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Term
The rightfully guided Caliphs standardized what?
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Definition
The Qu'ran
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Term
The four rightfully guided Caliphs would struggle with what?
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Definition
Political control and maintaining the Umma
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Term
How did Abu Bakr die, and how soon did he die after becoming a Caliph?
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Definition
Natural causes, two years after being a Caliph.
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Term
What did Abu Bakr do that Muhammad said not to do?
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Definition
Abu Bakr made a tax called the Jizya, that non-arab-muslims / people who are not muslim or could pay who practice religions other than Islam
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Term
What is Prostelatizing?
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Definition
Trying to convert people
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Term
Non-Arab Muslims paying a tax created what?
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Definition
A separation between who is truly Muslim, and who isn't. They created a divide between the Arabs and other Muslims.
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Term
Who were the four rightly guided caliphs?
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Definition
Abu Bakr
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Umar
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Uthman
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Ali
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Term
Why does Egypt become really important for the spread of Islam?
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Definition
It provided access to great agriculture, food, and trade.
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Term
Who helped to spread Islam into Egypt?
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Definition
Umar
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Term
Who does Umar not include into Islam?
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Definition
Non-Arab Muslims
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Term
How did Umar die?
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Definition
He was stabbed to death in a temple by a Non-Arab Muslim (a Persian muslim)
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Term
All non-arab muslims who were charged the jizya, also could not do what?
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Definition
Take on positions of power
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Term
What are issues of the expanding Islamic Empire?
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Definition
They have a non-central capital
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They will have trouble appointing bureaucrats
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Term
What makes Damascus dope?
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Definition
It is very central, at least better than Mecca
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It is great for trade
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Agriculture is dope
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Term
Mah'wiya is set up in Damascus, by Uthman, and is given essentially what?
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Definition
The best gig ever
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Term
Uthman restricted the Qu'ran to what?
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Definition
He restricted the Qu'ran to be the one and only version
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Term
Uthman practices Nepotism, what is Nepotism?
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Definition
Appointing relatives to positions of power
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Term
Uthman made it where soldiers would attack an area, but then not take the territory, so why is that?
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Definition
Uthman didn't want the attacked area to want to rebel
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Term
A non-arab Muslim, an Egyptian soldier, murdered Uthman while he was doing what?
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Definition
Reading the Qu'ran
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Term
Ali was implicated to have been involved in the assassination of who?
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Definition
Uthman
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Term
Is revenge important in a tribal society?
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Definition
Yes, you want to avenge your family
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Term
Who competed with Ali for the title of Caliph?
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Definition
Mah'wiya and Ali
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Term
On what date did Mah'wiya and Ali, convene to discuss who should be Caliph?
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Definition
657
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Term
Who are Kharajites?
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Definition
Those who believe Ali is the one true, Caliph
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Term
Overtime people (Shia) started to believe that the only way you could have a close relationship with God, is by having the blood of who?
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Definition
Muhammad
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Term
No one knows what happened from the meeting of Ali and Mah'Wiya, why?
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Definition
There is no documentation from the meeting that we know of
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Term
What are the beliefs of the Shi'ites?
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Definition
Imams are those with Muhammad blood, who are religious leaders entirely.
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Worshiped saints and martyrs
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Term
What are the beliefs of the Sunni?
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Definition
Caliph: Political Leaders
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Ulema: Religious scholars and Lawyers
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Term
Who are the minority, the Shi'ites or the Sunni?
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Definition
Shi'ites
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Term
What is the empire that Mah'Wiya starts?
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Definition
Umayyads
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Term
What tradition does Mah'Wiya start?
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Definition
That the son is the heir to rule Islam
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Term
What does Mah'Wiya make the new capital?
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Definition
Damascus
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Term
Arabs during the time of Umayyads, become a minority, and yet what still exists?
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Definition
Jizya
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Term
Who is Mah'Wiya's son?
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Definition
Yazid
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Term
Muslims wanted Huzayn (a blood relative of Muhammad) to fight Yazid and take back Islam. What did he do as he continued toward Yazid?
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Definition
Build an army
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