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BCS
HEENT -#2
26
Medical
Graduate
10/21/2012

Additional Medical Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Cause of external ear problems
Definition

1. Foreign body

2. Otitis externa - Staph. Aureus, Strep. 

3. Swimmer's ear

4. Mastoiditis

Term
Cause of middle ear problems
Definition

1. Otitis media - H.influenza, S.pneumo, (fullness in ear, diminished hearing, pain, fever)

2. Eustachian tube dysfunction - pressure balance alteration

3. Barotrauma

Term
Most common cause of ear pain in children
Definition
Acute otitis media
Term
Alarm symptoms associated with ear pain
Definition

1. weight loss - tumor

2. persistent ear pain w/ discharge worse @ hs - S=necrotizing e. otitis / B=ordinary e.otits

3. Pain with chewing in pt.s over 50 - S=temporal arteritis / B=TMJ dysfunction

4. Pain and swelling behind ear in kids with recent URI or ear infection - S=mastoiditis / B=lymphandenopathy

Term
Most common cause of hearing loss
Definition
presbycusis - age related hearing loss
Term
Alarm symptoms associated with hearing loss
Definition

1. Sudden or rapid onset - S=vascular embolism, ai disease, trauma, tm perforation, meningitis / B=viral cochleatitis, migraine, otitis media, medication

2. Rapidly progressive - S=ai disease, syphilis / B=ototoxic medications

3. Unilateral or Asymmetric - S=vascular embolism, acoustic neuroma, Meniere's disease, ai disease / B=cerumen impaction

4. Tinnitus - S=acoustic neuroma, Meniere's disease, trauma / B=noise induced, medication

5. Vertigo - S=ai disease, Meniere's disease, acoustic neuroma, menigitis, syphilis / B=migraine, thyrotoxicosis, aminoglycosides, genetic

Term
 3 types of hearing loss
Definition

1. Conductive

2. Sensorineural

3. Presbycusis

Term
Differentiate between 3 types of hearing loss
Definition

1. Conductive - mechanical transmission of sound to i.ear is blocked. Caused: cerumen impaction, otosclerosis, cholesteatoma, TM perforation

2. Sensorineural - failure of auditory nerve. Caused: presbycusis or damage to cochlear air cells

3. Presbycusis - age related - loss of high freq. occurs 1st

Term
Alarm symptoms with sore throat
Definition

1. Sore throat w/: drooling, resp.distress, trismus, stiff neck, muffled voice, erythema of neck. S=epiglottitis or supraglottitis, perit.abscess etc. Compl=sepsis, airway obstruction

2. Foreign body impaction or trauma. S=retropharyngeal abscess. Compl=sepsis, airway obstruction, spread to mediastinum, pleural space or pericardium

3. Fever, rash, diffuse adeonpathy, sore throat. S=Primary HIV infection. Compl=Transmission of disease

4. Recent cocaine smoking. S=mucosal burn injur to phrnx or lrnx Compl=respiratory obstruction

Term

Distinguish following condition: sore throat (presents withhx of):

Bacterial pharyngitis

Definition
sore throat, fever, cough, body ached, congestions, swollen lymph nodes, pus or white patches at back of throat
Term

Distinguish following condition: sore throat (presents with hx of):

Acute epiglottitis

Definition
rapid onset and progression, sore throat, pain/difficulty swallowing, muffled voice (Adults may have preseding URI)
Term

Distinguish following condition: sore throat (presents with hx of):

Peritonsillar abscess

Definition
sore throat, swollen area of inflammation, uvula shoved away from swollen side, fever and chills, swollen lymph nodes and tenderness
Term

Distinguish following condition - sore throat (presents with hx of):

Noninfectious causes

Definition
hx of sinusitis, allergic rhinitis
Term
Appropriate Hx ?s for prolonged hoarseness
Definition

1. Voice usage and volume?

2. GERD?

3. Singer?

4. Smoker?

5. Parkinson's?

6. Allergies?

7. Thyroid disease?

8. Cancer? 

Term
Alarm symptoms associated with diplopia
Definition

1. Eye pain or headache - S=menigitis, cerebral aneurysm, lesions, increase intr.cranial pressure / B=unrelated migraine, microvascular palsy

2. Facial numbness - S=cavernous sinus lesion 

3. Facial, limb, weakness, numbness, imbalance, drowsiness - S=brainsem lesion, menigitis

Term
3 questions to ask with vertical diplopia
Definition

1. Which eye sees lower image?

2. Worse in left or right gaze?

3. Worse in up or down gaze?

 

Term
3 questions to ask with horizontal diplopia
Definition

1. Which eye sees right-most image?

2. Worse in left or right gaze?

3. Worse for near or far vision?

Term
Question to ask for monocular diplopia
Definition

1. Does one eye see double while other is covered?

If so, it is a refractory problem. Commonly a cataract in elderly

Term
What is vertigo?
Definition
an illusion or hallucination of movement, usually rotation, either of oneself or the environment
Term
What is dysequilibrium?
Definition
difficulty with balance causing impaired walking. Described as "dizziness in the feet"
Term
What is lightheadedness?
Definition
dizziness that is not vertigo, syncope, or disequilibrium aka undifferentiated dizziness
Term
What is benign paroxysmal positional vertigo?
Definition
peripheral vestibular disorder caused by migration of inner ear otoliths
Term
What is Vertebrobasilar insufficiency?
Definition
reduced blood flow to the brainstem that causes vertigo, cranial nerve dysfunctions (diplopia, hoarseness) or cerebellar dysfunction (ataxia)
Term
Describe sinusitis pain
Definition
causes pain and pressure in sinuses. Often accompanied by, post nasal drip
Term
Describe temporal arteritis pain
Definition
sudden/new onset pain, typically in temporal region, unilateral or bilateral, throbbing
Term
Describe migraine associated pain
Definition
begins with or without aura, unilateral or bilateral, usually hx of similar headaches, nausea
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