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Baylor - MIS 1305 Test 1
Key Terms
42
Computer Science
Undergraduate 1
02/05/2012

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Term
Computer
Definition
An electorinc device, operating under the control of instructions stored on its own memory, that can accept data, process the data according to specified rules, produce results, and store the results for future use.
Term
Communications Device
Definition
A hardware component that enables a computer to send (transmit and recieve data, instructions, and information from one ore more computers or mobile devices. Example: Modem.
Term
Computer Literacy
Definition
Also known as digital literacy. Involves having a current knowledge and understanding of computers and their uses.
Term
Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM)
Definition
refers to the use of computers to assist with manufacturing processes such as fabrication and assembly.
Term
CPU (Central Processing Unit)
Definition
The electronic component that interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate the computer.
Term
Data
Definition
A collection of unprocessed items which can include text, numbers, images, audio, and video.
Term
Developer
Definition
(sometimes called a programmer) is someone who develops software or writes instructions that direct the computer to process data into information.
Term
Popular Programming
Definition
C++, Visual C#, Visual Basic, JavaScript, and Java.
Term
Execute
Definition
When the computer carries out instructions on the program so that you can use the program
Term
Graphical Computer Interface (GUI)
Definition
An interface in which you intact with text, graphics, and visual images to interact and operate the computer.
Term
Green Computing
Definition
Involves reducing the electricity consumed and the environmental waste generated when using a computer.
Term
Hardware
Definition
Electric, electronic, and mechanical components that make up a computer.
Term
Home User
Definition
Each family member that uses a computer; someone on a family computer network.
Term
Information
Definition
Conveys meaning and is useful to people.
Term
Data vs. Information
Definition
Data is unprocessed, raw items. Information is processed and is useful to people/users. Data is INPUT. Information is OUTPUT.
Term
Information Processing Cycle
Definition
The series of input, process, output, and storages activities. Sometimes, communications is also considered part of the information processing cycle.
Term
Mainframe
Definition
a large, expensive, powerful computer that can handle hundreds or thousands of users simultaneously.
Term
PDA
Definition
Personal Digital Assistant
Term
Power User
Definition
A user that requires a powerful desktop computer called a workstation. Examples of a power user include: Engineer, scientists, architects, publishers, and graphic artists.
Term
Supercomputer
Definition
The fastest, most powerful computer. Capable of processing more than 1 quadrillion instructions in a single second.
Term
System Software
Definition
consists of the programs that control or maintain the operations of the computer and its devices.
Term
Add-on or Plug-In
Definition
Extends the capability of an internet browser.
Term
Broadband Internet
Definition
An internet service in which the computer is connected to the internet the entire time it is powered on. Examples: Cable Internet Service, DSL (Digital Subscriber Line), FTTP (fiber to the premises), Fixed Wireless (radio signals), WiFi.
Term
DSL
Definition
Provides high-speed internet connections using regular telephone lines.
Term
FTP
Definition
File Transfer Protocol. Permits file uploading and downloading from other computers on the internet.
Term
MP3
Definition
Reduces sound to 1/10th of it's original size.
Term
MP4
Definition
A video compression standard.
Term
RSS 2.0
Definition
Really Simple Syndication. Used to distribute content to subscribers.
Term
Top-level domain
Definition
The ending of a URL (I.e. .com, .net, .org, etc.)
Term
Access Time
Definition
The amount of time it takes for a processor to read data, instructions, and information from memory.
Term
Arithmetic logic unit (ALU)
Definition
Component of the processor that preforms arithmetic, comparison, and other operations.

I.e. When you have a file in a folder and try to name something else in that folder the same thing, it is the ALU that detects this and prompts you to either overwrite that file or rename it something else.
Term
Backside Bus (BSB)
Definition
Connects the processor to the cache.
Term
Bay
Definition
An opening inside the system unit in which you can install additional equipment.
Term
Drive Bay
Definition
is a rectangular opening which typically holds optical disk drivers.
Term
Binary System
Definition
The number system that has just two unique digits, 0 & 1.
Term
Bit
Definition
the smallest unit of data a system can process (0 or 1)
Term
Byte
Definition
When 8 bits are grouped together.
Term
Bus
Definition
Any one of the series of electronic channels within the circuitry of a computer upon which bits transfers. These channels (called Buses) are like the highways of a computer and are how information is transferred.
Term
Cache
Definition
Improves computer processing times by storing frequently used instructions and data. There are two types L1 Cache and L2 Cache.
Term
L1 Cache
Definition
Built directly in the processor chip. Has a small memory usually ranging from 8KB to 128KB.
Term
L2 Cache
Definition
Slower than L1 But has a much larger memory (64 KB to 16MB).
Term
Advance Transfer Cache
Definition
Newer processors have this. a type of L2 cache built directly on the processor chip. Processors that use it typically have more power than those that don't.
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