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Basics of Chemistry
Study of matter
85
Chemistry
7th Grade
04/10/2011

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Term
Acid
Definition
Substance that tastes sour, reacts with metal and carbonates, has pH less than 7 and turns blue litmus paper red
Term
Atom
Definition
smallest particle of element
Term
Atomic mass
Definition
average mass of one atom of an element
Term
Atomic number
Definition
number of protons in nucleus of atom
Term
base
Definition
substance that tastes bitter, feels slippery, has pH greater than 7 and turns red litmus paper blue
Term
Carbohydrate
Definition
energy rich organic compound made of elements of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Term
cellulose
Definition
complex carbohydrate found in plants
Term
chemical bond
Definition
force that holds atoms togetehr
Term
chemical change
Definition
change in matter that produces a substance
Term
chemistry
Definition
study of properties of matter and how matter changes
Term
compound
Definition
substance made of two or more elements chemically combined in a specific ratio
Term
conservation of matter (mass)
Definition
principle that matter cannot be created or destroyed, but only changed in form
Term
electron
Definition
negatively charged subatomic particles that move around nucleus of atom
Term
element
Definition
substance that cannot be broken down into another substance by physical or chemical means
Term
family
Definition
elements in a vertical column of the periodic table; also called a group
Term
glucose
Definition
simple sugar; food of lie
Term
group
Definition
elements in the same vertical column of periodic table; also called family
Term
mixture
Definition
two or more substances that are mixed together but not chemically combined
Term
molecule
Definition
combination of two or more atoms held together with a chemical bond
Term
neutron
Definition
sub-atomic particle with no electrical charge
Term
nucleus
Definition
central core of atom containing protons and usually neutrons
Term
nutrient
Definition
substance taht provides energy and raw materials to an organism for growth, repair of cells, and to function properly
Term
orbital
Definition
path that electrons travel around nucleus
Term
organic compound
Definition
most compounds that contain carbon
Term
period
Definition
horizontal row of elements in periodic table
Term
pH scale
Definition
measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution
Term
physical change
Definition
change in a substance that does not change its identity; e.g., water changing from gast to liquid (still water)
Term
polymer
Definition
large molecule in the form of a chain; many molecules are bonded together
Term
products
Definition
substance formed as a result of chemical reaction
Term
protein
Definition
organic compound that is a polymer of amino acids
Term
protons
Definition
subatomic particles with a postive electrical charge; found in nucleus
Term
reactants
Definition
substances that enter into a chemical reaction
Term
shells
Definition
orbital, energy level
Term
valence
Definition
electrons farthest away from nucleus and are involved in chemical reactions
Term
balanced equation
Definition
A balanced chemical equation has equal numbers of atoms on each side of the equation. If one side of the equation has five oxygen atoms, the other side must also have five (to be balanced).
Term
diffusion
Definition
a process that happens when a substance moves from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Term
osmosis
Definition
process happens when water molecules move from an area of high concentration to low concentration. They need to pass through a semi-permeable membrane. It often happens when larger molecules are not able to cross the membrane and concentrations need to be evened out.
Term
semi-permeable membrane
Definition
a cellular boundary that allows an in-between transport process where very small molecules are able to cross
Term
stiochiometry
Definition
branch of chemistry that deals with chemcial reactions
Term
What is matter made of?
Definition
atoms
Term
Naked egg lab: what kind of changes when soaked in vinegar?
Definition
bubbles formed caused by a chemical reaction between calcium carbonate and vinegar, breaking it up into calcium and carbon parts. Egg got larger because water went through the permeable membrane of the egg.
Term
ion
Definition
an atom of group of atoms that has become electrically charged
Term
indicator
Definition
pH test strips; bromothymol blue; purple cabbage abstract; litmus paper; these detect acids and bases
Term
flocculation
Definition
adding chemicals to settle particles in water
Term
distillation
Definition
process of evaporation to create purer water
Term
disinfectant
Definition
chemicals introduced into water to purify and clean
Term
Elements and compounds can move from one ____________state to another and not change their atomic structure.
Definition
physical
Term
Water is an example of a compound. It has the same ______________ structure whether it is a gas, ___________________or solid.
Definition
atomic and liquid
Term
If the formula for water were to change it would be a ___________ change.
Definition
chemical
Term
What do you have if you have 1 oxygen atom chemically bonded to 2 hydrogen atoms?_____________________
Definition
water H20
Term
What do you have if you have 2 oxygen atoms chemically bonded to 2 hydrogen
atoms?______________________________
Definition
hydrogen peroxide
Term
List five states of matter.
Definition
liquid, solid, gas, plasma, Einstien-Bose Condensate
Term
_________________ are used to create the elements.
Definition
molecules
Term
_____________are used to create molecules.
Definition
atoms
Term
Name 2 “pieces” of atoms that are even smaller than neutron, protons and electrons.
Definition
elementary particles
Term
What do physicist and chemists use a particle accelerator for?
Definition
splitting atoms and studying them
Term
A shell is sometimes called an __________ or _______________.
Definition
orbital or energy level
Term
Shells are areas that surround the _____________of an atom
Definition
nucleus
Term
The k-shell only holds ________ electrons
Definition
2
Term
The l-shell only holds _________ electrons
Definition
8
Term
The m-shell only holds ________ electrons (for the first eighteen elements).
Definition
8
Term
What makes an atom happy?
Definition
to have an equal number of electrons
Term
Atoms are able to bond together by ___________________or _________________ electrons.
Definition
sharing (covalent) or borrowing (ionic)
Term
Write out (words) for CO
Definition
carbon monoxide
Term
Write out (words) for CO2
Definition
carbond dioxide
Term
Write out (words) for CCl4
Definition
carbon tetracholoride
Term
How many chlorine atoms are in 4 molecules of carbon tetrachloride?
Definition
sixteen
Term
What do elements in the same row of periodic table have in common?
Definition
They all have the same number of atomic orbitals
Term
What does an environmental chemist study?
Definition
the chemistry of the biosphere
Term
What is meant by "earth is a closed system"?
Definition
While energy may come in and leave the planet most of our mass stays right here. That means all of the elements are constantly recycling through our environment.
Term
What element is in the compounds that an organic chemist would study?
Definition
carbon
Term
Name four compounds that contain carbon
Definition
carbon monoxide; carbon dioxide; carbon disulfide; carbonates
Term
Vinegar is what kind of acid?
Definition
Acidic
Term
What were the bubbles that formed in the egg experiment?
Definition
carbon dioxide gas
Term
egg shells are made up of?
Definition
calcium carbonate
Term
vinegar reacts with calcium carbonate to do what?
Definition
breaks up chemical into calcium and carbonate parts
Term
What happened to the egg's membrane?
Definition
permeated by liquid
Term
calcium carbonate in shells reacts with vinegar to form what?
Definition
carbon dioxide gas
Term
What is matter?
Definition
anything with mass and volume; anything with weight taking up space
Term
What are the three forms of matter?
Definition
solid, liquid, and gas--states or phases of matter.
Term
How many types of atoms have been identified?
Definition
over 100
Term
Matter that is made up of only one kind of atom is called an ____?
Definition
element
Term
Of the 100 elements, how many exist in the natural world?
Definition
91
Term
smallest part of an element is?
Definition
atom
Term
smallest pat of a compound is?
Definition
molecule
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