Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Basic Things About the Brain
Look up.
40
Science
Not Applicable
12/09/2005

Additional Science Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Monosynaptic reflex pathway
Definition
simplest type of neural pathway; like a knee jerk. this doesn't involve the brain. it's hard wired.
Term
interneurons
Definition
connect various neurons withen the brain and spinal cord
Term
receptors
Definition
sense the environment (chemicals, light, sound, touch) and encode this information into electrochemical messages that are transmitted by sensory neurons.
Term
motor neurons
Definition
carry signals from the central nervous system to the outer parts (muscles, skin, glands) of your body.
Term
sensery neurons
Definition
carry signals from the outer parts of your body (periphery) into the central nervous system.
Term
cell body
Definition
This main part has all of the necessary components of the cell, such as the nucleus (contains DNA), endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes (for building proteins) and mitochondria (for making energy). If the cell body dies, the neuron dies.
Term
axon
Definition
long, cablie-like projection of the cell, carries the electrochemical message (nerve impulse or action potention) along the length of the cell.
Term
myeline
Definition
covers certain types of axons, it's like a rubber insulator on a wire. it's made of fat
Term
What kind of axon would myeline usually be found on?
Definition
Motor and sensory neurons, the fat helps to speed transmission.
Term
Give two examples of non-myelinated neurons.
Definition
Brain and spinal cord.
Term
Dendrite or nerve endings
Definition
small, branch-like projections of the cell make connections to other cells and allows neuron to talk with others, or perceive enviorment.[image]
Term
What do motor neurons look like?
Definition
Have a cell body on one end, the axon in the middle, and the dendrites on the other end.
Term
Multipolar
Definition
Motor neuron
Term
Bipolar
Definition
Interneuron
Term
Cortical pyramidal
Definition
receptor neuron?
Term
receptros
Definition
sense the enviorment and encode this information into electrochemical messages that are transmitted by sensory neurons.
Term
interneurons
Definition
connect various neurons within the brain and spinal cord
Term
neural net
Definition
individual neurons linked together that form a net around the entire animal
Term
ganglia
Definition
simple brains that consist of localized (close) collections of neuronal cell bodies
Term
Regardless of the animal, brains have what parts?
Definition
Brainstem, cerebellum, hypothalamus and pituitary gland, and cerebrum.
Term
Brainstem
Definition
Controls the reflexes and automatic functions, limb movements and visceral functions (digestion).
Term
What does the brainstem consist of?
Definition
Medulla, pons and midbrain.
Term
Medulla
Definition
An enlarged portion of the upper spinal cord.
Term
Pons
Definition
a band of nerve fibers on the lower surface of the brain stem (links the medulla oblongata and the cerebellum with the upper portions of the brain)
Term
cerebellum
Definition
integrates information from the vestibular system that indicates position and movement; uses this info. to coordinate limb movements
Term
vestibular system
Definition
organs mediating the labyrinthine sense; concerned with equilibrium
Term
hypothalamus and pituitary gland
Definition
these control visceral functions, body temperature and behavioral responses such as feeding, drinking, sexual response, aggression and pleasure.
Term
What is the cerebrum also known as?
Definition
Cerebral cortex, or just the cortex.
Term
What does the cerebrum consist of?
Definition
cortex, large fiber tracts (corpus callosum) and some deeper structures (basal ganglia, amygdala, hippocampus).
Term
What does the Cerebrum do?
Definition
integrates information from all of the sense organs, initiates motor functions, controls emotions and holds memory and thought processes (emotional expression and thinking are more prevalent in higher mammals)
Term
Cranial Nerves
Definition
Frontal Lobe, Olfactory Bulb, Temporal Lobe, Pons, Cerebellum.
Term
Lower brain consists of?
Definition
spinal cord, brainstem, diencephalon, cerebellum and cortex.
Term
Medulla nuclei?
Definition
Contains nuclei for regulating blood pressure and breathing, as well as relaying information from the sense organs that comes from the cranial nerves.
Term
Pons nuclei?
Definition
Relay movement and position information from the cerebellum to the cortex. Also contains nuclei that are involved in breathing, taste and sleep.
Term
Midbrain nuclei?
Definition
Link various sections of the brain involved in motor functions, (cerebellum, basal ganglia, cerebral cortex), eye movements and auditory control.
Term
thalamus
Definition
relays incoming sensory pathways to appropriate areas of the cortex, determines which sensory information actually reaches consciousness and participates in motor-information exchange between the cerebellum, basal ganglia and cortex.
Term
hypothalamus nuclei?
Definition
control hormonal secretions from the pituitary gland. Governs, sexual reproduction, eating, drinking, grouth,maternal behavio, biological "clock".
Term
Circadian rhythms
Definition
The daily light-dark cycle.
Term
Vestibular System
Definition
Responsible for maintaining posture, balance, and spatial orientation.
Term
Vestibulocochlear nerve
Definition
The eighth crainial nerve; part of the vestibular system.
Supporting users have an ad free experience!