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| anything that possesses mass and occupies volume |
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| cannot be broken down in a chemical reaction |
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| contains two or more elements in a fixed ratio |
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| smallest unit of matter; retains properties of an element |
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| the center of an atom, containing protons and neutrons (except for H2) |
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| a number referring to the number of protons in a given element |
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| a number that equals the sum of protons and neutrons in a given atom |
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| the ratio of the average mass of atoms of an element (from a given source) to 1/12 of the mass of an atom of carbon-12 |
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| different types of atoms of the same element, each having a different number of neutrons |
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| a group of orbitals of electrons with similar energies. Electron shells are arranged in roughly concentric layers around the nucleus of an atom, with electrons in outer shells having mroe energy than those in inner shells. Electrons in the outermost shell (the valence shell) often are involved in chemical bonding. |
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| an attractive force binding two atoms together |
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| when one atom holds the shared electron more tightly then the others |
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| the tendency of certain like molecules (e.g., water molecules) to cling together due to attractive forces |
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| the cohesive force that causes molecules at the surface of a liquid to stick together, thereby resisting deformation of the liquid's surface and minimizing its surface area |
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| the mix of solvent and solute |
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| two or more atoms joined by chemical bonds |
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| when electrons from other element are shared in bond |
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| form when electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another |
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| shared but not completely, weak linkages in polar molecules |
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| forms when electrons are evenly shared between atoms |
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| an atom that loses an electron and thus becomes positively charged |
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| an atom that gains an electron and thus becomes negatively charged |
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| what something is being dissolved in |
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| a compound that can donate H+ ions to solutions |
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| a compound that can accepts H+ ions from a solution |
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| the state of balance in the human body |
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| any of the starting materials in a chemical reaction |
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| any of the final materials formed in a chemical reaction |
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| all the chemical reactions that go on in a cell |
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| a measure of the ability of an atom to attract electrons toward itself from an atom to which it is bonded |
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| an atom or molecule that carries a charge |
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| compounds that interact with water (hydrogen bond) |
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| compounds that do not interct with water |
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