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Basic Dermatology Terminology
n/a
47
Medical
Graduate
08/24/2012

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Term
What are the important components of medical history for a lesion?
Definition
Onset, location, course, aggrevating/relieving factors, timing, associated symptoms, affected contacts, occupation, effect of the disease on the patient
Term
What should you look for when examining a lesion?
Definition
Basic morphology, secondary morphologies and arrangements, shape, distribution, color
Term
What pathologies exhibit acute eruptions (sudden onset over days to hours)
Definition
Contact dermatitis, urticaria, many infections, bites/stings, drug eruptions, vasculitis
Term
What pathologies exhibit subacute eruptions (gradually appearing, tend not to persist after treatment, may be chronic)
Definition
Parasitic infestations, some neoplasms, some infections, acne vulgaris, rosacea
Term
What pathologies exhibit chronic eruptions (gradual appearance that persists for long periods despite treatment)
Definition
Eczema, psoriasis, contact dermatitis, persistent erythmeas, erythroderma, epidermolysis bullosa, some acne and folliculitis, most depositions, genodermatoses, pigmentary, hair and nail, rheumatologic, and connective tissue disorders, panniculitides, lipodystrophies, and many neoplasms
Term
What pathologies tend to resolve only to recur later?
Definition
Urticaria, atopic dermatitis, erythema multiforme, connective tissue disease, fifth disease, photodermatoses
Term
What are the properties of macules?
Definition
Circumscribed, flat, alteration in the color of the skin which is <1cm in diameter, not palpable
Term
What are the characteristics of pathces?
Definition
Circumscribed flat alteration in the color of the skin which is greater than 1 cm in diameter, not palpable
Term
What are the characteristics of papules?
Definition
Circumscribed palpable elevation of the skin less than 1cm in diameter, can make note of surface texture
Term
What are the characteristics of plaques?
Definition
Circumscribed palpable elevation of the skin greater than 1cm in diameter
Term
What are the characteristics of nodules?
Definition
Circumscribed palpable mass usually ranging in 1-2cm in diameter, not necessarily elevated but may be in dermis or subcutis, subctuatneous indurated quality
Term
What are the characteristics of vesicles?
Definition
Sharply circumscribed lesion less than 1cm in diameter which contains transparent free fluid
Term
What are the characteristics of bullae?
Definition
A sharply circumscribed lesion great than 1cm in diameter which contains transparent free fluid
Term
What are the characteristics of pustules?
Definition
Circumscribed lesions less than 1cm in diameter which contains free puss (great than 1cm are "lakes" of pus)
Term
What are the characteristics of wheals?
Definition
An evanescent circumscribed elevated edematous lesions, appears and disappears relatively rapidly (<24hrs), absence of permanent skin change
Term
What are the characteristics of talengiestasia?
Definition
Dilated superficial capillaries
Term
What determines whether a lesion is a secondary lesion?
Definition
Changes due to further developments during the evolution of the primary lesions
Term
What are some examples of secondary lesions
Definition
Crust, excoriation, lichenification, lichenoid, necrosis, scar, scaling, exfoliation, fissure, keratoderma, poikiloderma, vegetation, erosion, ulcer, atrophy, sclerosis
Term
What are the characteristics of crusts?
Definition
A dried exudate which may have been serous, purulent, or hemorrhagic
Term
What are the characteristics of excoriation?
Definition
Hemorrhagic excavation of the skin resulting from scratching, may be shallow, deep, linear, or punctate
Term
What is lichenification?
Definition
Thickening of the skin, exaggerated skin creases, dyspigmentation
Term
What are lichenoids?
Definition
Lesions that are flat-topped papules, simulates lesions of lichen planus (not color)
Term
What is necrosis?
Definition
Death of skin, usually black in color, necrolysis is superficial necrosis with shedding of the skin
Term
Describe the final stage of healing of skin lesion
Definition
Results in a scar, destructive natural process that has involved the dermis, somewhat depth dependent, variable color/smooth, indurated, can be hypertrophic or atrophic
Term
What is an eschar?
Definition
A hard plaque covering an ulcer, implies underlying extensive tissue necrosis, infarcts, deep burns, or gangrene
Term
What is a scale?
Definition
A flat plat or flake of stratum corneum, can be fine or thick
Term
What is exfoliation?
Definition
Splitting off of stratum corneum in fine scales or sheets
Term
What is a fissure?
Definition
Linear split or gap in the skin surface
Term
What is keratoderma?
Definition
Hyperkeratotic thickening of the keratin layer, may occur as congenital abnormality of keratin formation or as a result of mechanical stimulation
Term
What is poikiloderma?
Definition
A triad of hypo/hyperpigmentation, atrophy, and telengiectasias
Term
What is meant by the term vegetative?
Definition
Proliferation of close-set papillomatous masses
Term
What are the characteristics of erosion?
Definition
A partial break in the epidermis that heals without scarring, commonly follows a blister
Term
What is an ulcer?
Definition
Full-thickness loss of the epidermis, heals with scarring
Term
What is atrophy?
Definition
thinning and transparency of the skin caused by diminution of the epidermis, the dermis, or both, exhibits wrinkling and translucency of the skin with loss of skin markings
Term
What is sclerosis
Definition
Circumscribed or diffuse hardening of the skin, can result from dermal or subcutaneous inflammation, cellular infiltration, or collagen proliferation
Term
What are the characteristics of special lesions/
Definition
Specific cutaneous changes that cannot readily be included as primary or secondary lesions
Term
What are some examples of special lesions?
Definition
Comedo burrow, sinus, fistula, cyst, abscess, petechia, exxhymosis, vibex, hematoma
Term
What is comedo?
Definition
Keratin, sebum, microorganisms, and epithelial cell debris within a dilated follicular opening (can be open or closed)
Term
What is a burrow?
Definition
A tunnel made in the skin by a burrowing parasite or larva
Term
What is a sinus tract?
Definition
An elongated channel opening to a surface at one end and terminating in a blind sac in its depth
Term
What is a fistula?
Definition
AN elongated channel (tract) which communicated between two surfaces
Term
What is a cyst?
Definition
A sac containing fluid or semisolid material with an epithelial lining
Term
What is an abscess?
Definition
Localized collection of pus larger than a pustule, has marked depth
Term
What is patechia and ecchymosis?
Definition
Non-blanching extravasated blood, maccules <3mm or 1cm are patechia, >3mm or 1cm are considered ecchymosis
Term
What are the characteristics of a hematoma?
Definition
An extravasation of blood of such a size as to cause visible swelling, often loculated
Term
What are the different types of shape for skin lesions?
Definition
Discoid, oval, annular, polycyclic, polygonal, reticular, serpiginous
Term
What should characteristics of distribution should you look for during a physical examination of a skin lesion?
Definition
Localization (sun exposed, dermatomal), region (palms/soles, interiginous, mucous membranes, etc.), and generalization (symmetric, drug, systemic, infection, etc.)
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