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Basic Definitions
Core Definitions
58
Pharmacology
Undergraduate 1
12/21/2010

Additional Pharmacology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

 

pharmacology

Definition

 

Study of biological effects of chemicals

Term

 

drugs

Definition

 

Chemicals that are introduced into the body to bring about some sort of change.

Term

 

adverse effects

 

Definition

 

Drug effects that are not the desired therapeutic effects; may be unpleasant or even dangerous!

Term

 

brand/trade

name

Definition

name given to drug by the pharmaceutical company that developed it; also called TRADE NAME

Term

 

chemical name

Definition

 

name that reflects the chemical

structure of a drug

Term

 

generic drugs

Definition

 

drugs sold by their chemical names; not brand or trade names products.

Term

 

generic name

Definition

the original name that a drug is given when the drug company that developed it applies for the approval process.

Term

 

orphan drugs

Definition
drugs that have been discovered but would not be profitable for development;usually treat only small #of people; can be adopted by drug companies to develop.
Term

pharma-

cotherapeutics

Definition

clinical pharmacology- the branch that deals w/drugs; chemicals that are used in medicine for the treatment,prevention,and diagnosis of disease in humans.

 *NURSES


Term

 

phase 1

Definition

 

pilot study-potential drug done w/small #of selected,healthy human volunteers

Term

 

phase 2

Definition
clinical study-of proposed drug by selected physicians using actual patients who have disorder drug designed to treat; patients must provide informed consent
Term

 

phase 3

Definition

 

Use of Proposed Drug on wide scale- in clinical setting w/patients who have disease drug is thought to treat

Term

 

phase 4

Definition


continual evaluation-of drug after it has been released for marketing

Term

 

preclinical trials

Definition

initial trial of a chemical thought to have therapeutic potential; uses laboratory animals, not human subjects

1) to determine whether they have effects in human tissue

2) evaluate any adverse effects

Term

 

teratogenic

Definition

 

having adverse effects on the fetus

Term

 

Sources of drugs

Definition

plants-     

animals- used to replace human chemicals (pancreas of cow/insulin)

inorganic compounds- fluoride,iron

synthetic sources- alter bacteria to produce chemicals more useful

Term

 

agonist

Definition

 

drugs that interact directly w/receptor sites to cause same activity natural chemical would.

Term
2 key concerns w/Clinical Pharmacology
Definition

 

*drugs effects on the body

*body's response to the drug

Term

Nurse Responsibilities

Definition

(AAA-TE)

*Assessment

*Administer drugs

*Assesment of reaction/outcome to med's

*Teaching

*Evaluation of teaching effectiveness

Term

competitive

antagonist

Definition

 

React with receptor sites to block normal stimulation; producing no effect.

Term

non-competitive

antagonist

Definition
React w/specific receptor sites on cell and, by reacting there, prevent reaction of another chemical w/different receptor site on that cell.
Term

 

prototype

Definition
groups of similar drugs derived from an original prototype, each one in group slightly different depending on desired situation of treatment.
Term
Why chemicals are discarded-
Definition

(TTS)

*Chemical too toxic

*Highly teratogenic

*Safety margins too small & chemical not useful in clinical setting

Term

 

Category A

Definition

 

Adequate studies provide no risk to fetus in any trimester

Term

 

Category B

Definition

 

Animal studies give no risk fetus but; no adequate studies in pregnant woman. (Studies that have been done show no risk in any trimester)

Term

 

Category C

Definition
Animal studies show adverse effect on fetus; no adequate study in humans. (Drug benefits may be worth risk)
Term

 

Category D

Definition

 

Evidence of human fetal risk. (Drug benefits may be worth risk.)

Term

 

Category X

Definition
Studies in animals or humans demonstrate fetal abnormalities or adverse reactions; Risk clearly outweighs use & possible benefits...don't do it.
Term

 

Schedule 1

Definition

 

high abuse potential

(heroin;LSD)

Term

 

Schedule 2

Definition

 

high abuse potential w/dependence liability

(amphetamines;barbituates)

Term

 

Schedule 3

Definition

Less abuse potential than 2-moderate dependence liability

(nonbarbituate sedatives;nonamphetamine stimulants)

Term

 

Schedule 4

Definition

Less abuse potential than 3- limited dependence liability

(some sedatives;antianxiety;non-narcotic analgesics)

Term

 

Schedule 5

Definition

Limited abuse potential; primarily small amounts of narcotics that can be purchased OTC 


Term

 

pharmocodynamics

Definition

science that deals with the interactions between chemical compounds of living systems & foreign chemicals;


THE WAY THE DRUG AFFECTS THE BODY!

Term

pharmoco-

kinetics

Definition

How the body acts on the drug!


-Dosing needs to be correct

-Loading Dose given

-Dynamic Equilibrium considered

Term
How do drugs work?
Definition

(RIID)

*Replace missing chemicals

*Increase/stimulate cellular activity

*Interfere w/functioning foreign cells

*Depress/slow cellular activities

Term

Dynamic

Equilibrium

Definition

Actual amount of drug that reaches body

 

Affected by=  Absorbtion  Distribution

         Biotransformation Excretion

 

Term

First-Pass

Effect

 

Definition

Med's extensively absorbed by liver

Most drug takes path of

sm.intestines   portal vein   liver


*Oral drugs in higher dose due to 1st pass effect!

Term

 

Biotransformation

Definition

*All drugs are protein bound


-Not active yet

-Must be lipid soluble to cross Blood Brain Barrier

-Most drug are not BBB & don't have

direct effect on CNS

-Liver uses enzyme P450 to start biotransfer

Term

 

Half-Life

Definition

(MADE)

How long to decrease to 1/2 peak level

 

Affected by: Absorption,Distribution,

                Metabolism, & Excretion

Term

Types

of Drugs

Definition

Anaphylactic - Hives/Rash/Closes Airway

Cytotoxic- Cause cell damage..Low White Blood Count

Serum Sickness- Damage to tissue..swollen joints

Delayed Reaction- Swollen joints

Term

NURSE 

PROCESS

Definition

Assessment - History/Physically Assess

Diagnosis- Draw conclusion from data

Intervention- Formulate plan .... action/improve/maintain PT health----

Evaluation- Is plan effective for PT?

Term

 7 Rights

of Medication

Definition

DD plays rag time daily profusely!

 

Drug/Dose/Prep/Route/

Time/Document/PT

Term
Antibiotic
Definition

 

-Chemicals that inhibit specific bacteria

 


Term

 

Bacteriostatic

Definition

 

-Substances that prevent

the growth of bacteria

Term

 

Bactericidal

Definition


 

-Substances that kill

bacteria directly

Term

 

Prophylaxis

Definition

 

Preventative

Term

 

Gram +

Definition

 

-Cell wall retains stain

Term

 

Gram - 

Definition

 

-Cell wall loses stain

Term

 

Aerobic

Definition

 

-Depend on oxygen

Term

 

Anaerobic

 

Definition

 

-Do not use oxygen

Term

 

Selective

Treatment

Definition

 

- Based on Culture Report, antibiotic chosen that is known to be effective treatment of invading organism

Term


Viruses that respond

to Antiviral Agents

Definition

-Influenza A 

-Some Respitory Viruses

-CMV (Cytomegalovirus)

-HIV / AIDS

-Some Viruses that cause Warts/Eye Infections


Term

 

Common Respitory

Viruses

Definition

-Influenza A

-Influenza B

-RSV

Term


Signs of CMV

Definition

-May be asymptomatic

-Fatigue

-Mausea

-Jaundice

-Still birth or defects/brain damage

Term

 

Signs of

Herpes Virus

Definition

-Painful vesicles in clusters....

skin/cornea/mucous membranes

-Usual course of primary disease 2wks.

-Duration of recurrences varies

Term

 

Anti-Infectives

Definition

-Drugs designed to act on foreign organisms that have infected the host with selective toxicity.

(Invade the organism...not hosts good cells)

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