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Basic Computer Theory and Terms 1
Terms and Definitions of Basic Computer Parts
19
Computer Science
Professional
09/05/2012

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Term
input devices
Definition
such as keyboards and mice
Term
output devices
Definition
such a monitors and speakers
Term
Processor
Definition
The brain of the computer. The processor is located on the main logic board (MLB). This is where the operating system (OS) works, games render images, and spreadsheets calculate
Term
Recent Apple computers use one of these two processors:
Definition
Intel Xeon
Intel Core Duo
Term
RAM
Definition
This is where the processor keeps information on which it works
Term
Cache
Definition
Cache is made of RAM and works in a similar fashion but performs specific functions
Term
Drives
Definition
Storage for all of the information you process and make on a Mac
Term
There are three basic types of drives
Definition
magnetic, optical, and solid state
Term
USB
Definition
One of the interconnect technologies used on the Mac to connect peripherals. USB is intended for slower, less demanding peripherals, such as keyboards and mice, although it can be used to connect disk drives and cameras.
Term
FireWire
Definition
The high-speed counterpart to USB. Also known as IEEE 1394 and iLink.
Term
Expansion Slots
Definition
You can add cards in these slots to support additional functionality.
Term
Two Types of Expansion Slots
Definition
PCI and AGP (Peripheral Component Interconnect and Accelerated Graphics Port)
Term
Processor
Definition
silicon wafers made up of tens of thousands of tiny transistors, which, in a binary mode, can be turned either off or on. A clock synchronizes the processor signal and its speed is measured in megahertz (MHz) or gigahertz (GHz)
Term
Microprocessors are differentiated by three key characteristics:
Definition
Instruction set, Bandwidth, Clock speed
Term
Instruction set (Processor)
Definition
The set of instructions that the microprocessor can execute.
Term
Bandwidth (Processor)
Definition
The number of bits processed in a single instruction.
Term
Clock speed (Processor)
Definition
Given in megahertz (Mhz) or gigahertz (GHz) determines how many millions or billions of instructions per second the processor can execute.
Term
bandwidth and clock speed example
Definition
32-bit microprocessor running at 50MHz - or - 16-bit microprocessor that runs at 25MHz, the first being faster in both categories.
Term
Intel Processors have brought these advantages:
Definition
-significant increases in performance
-while reducing heat output
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