Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Bacterial Infections
Clinical Medicine Module 3
68
Medical
Graduate
06/04/2009

Additional Medical Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What term is defined as a state or condition in which the body or parts of the body is invaded by an infective agent, which multiplies and produces a harmful effect?
Definition
infection
Term
What is defined as the presence of bacteria in the blood?
Definition
bacteremia
Term
What type of bacteremia has multiple causes and generally self-limiting in healthy people?
Definition
transient bacteremia
Term
What is defined as bacteremia that is more commonly present in chronically ill and immunocompromised pts?
Definition
sustained bacteremia
Term
What is a serious medical condition caused by a severe infection resulting in acute organ dysfunction?
Definition
septicemia/sepsis
Term
What involves bacteremia with acute organ dysfunction?
Definition
severe sepsis
Term
What is severe sepsis with hypotension?
Definition
septic shock
Term
What is a paralytic disease that inhibits the release of acetylcholine?
Definition
botulism
Term
What are the 3 naturally occuring forms of botulism?
Definition
food borne botulism
infant botulism
wound botulism
Term
Is a low fever with septsis a good or bad sign?
Definition
bad sign
Term
What foods are most likely to carry botulism?
Definition
most common in the ingestion of poorly packaged or stored canned, smoked, or vacuumed packed meat, fish, or vegetables
Term
What is the *most common* form of botulism infection?
Definition
infant botulism
Term
Infant botulism is related to the ingestion of what substance?
Definition
related to the ingestion of honey by infants
Term
Which form of botulism is rare, but most common in IV drug abuse?
Definition
wound botulism
Term
Would botulism be a feasible bioterrorism weapon?
Definition
would be very effective but weaponization is extremely difficult
Term
I have a dry mouth and blurred, double vision. My hands and feet are starting to feel weak and it's hard to breath. Oh, and yes, I do use IV drugs.
Definition
botulism: early clinical findings include dry mouth, blurred and double vision; late clinical findings include peripheral mm weakness and respiratory failure
Term
How do you tx botulism?
Definition
ventilatory support and botulinum antitoxin
Term
What organism causes cholera?
Definition
an acute diarrheal illness commonly caused by Vibrio cholerae
Term
Where does cholera most commonly occur?
Definition
in epidemics in areas of inadequate sanitation
Term
What is the key for cholera?
Definition
*prevention* is the key
Term
(vibrio parahemoliticus)
Definition
(from oysters: presents the same way as vibrio cholerae)
Term
I suddenly developed a fever and I am constantly on the toilet with tons of greyish thin diarrhea.
Definition
cholera: acute onset of fever and frequent watery diarrhea "rice water stools"; dehydration major problem
Term
(order stool cultures for cholera)
Definition
(3 stool cultures preferably on 3 days)
Term
How do you tx cholera?
Definition
fluid replacement and antibioics targeted at v. cholerae: ciprofloxacin- doxycycline and bactrim
Term
What organism causes diphtheria?
Definition
acute respiratory tract infection caused by Corynebacterium diphteriae
Term
My child has a sore throat, nasal discharge and a fever. She feels awful and her throat is sore. Oh, and did you see that gray color on the back of her throat?
Definition
Diphtheria
Term
The most common form of diphtheria, present in childen, presents with what sign?
Definition
gray membrane that covers tonsils and pharynx (must remove membrane to tx disease)
Term
How do you prevent diphtheria
Definition
DPT immunization and boosters
Term
How do you tx diphtheria?
Definition
antitoxin, prevent airway obstruction, abx (penicillin or erythromycin), respiratory isolation
Term

What causes salmonellosis?

What are 3 forms of salmonellosis?

Definition

An infection as a result of exposure to one of the Salmonella sp. Three of the most common forms are:

-enteric fever

-salmonella gastroenteritis

-salmonella bacteremia

Term
How is enteric (typhoid) fever transmitted?
Definition
Salmonellosis- transmitted by consumption of contaminated food or drink
Term
What is the incubation period of enteric (typhoid) fever?
Definition
salmonellosis- 5-14 day incubation fever
Term
What disease was directly related to the consumption of Peter Pan peanut butter and Great Value peanut butter?
Definition
salmonellosis- outbreak investigation, feb 2007
Term
What disease infected 425 persons in Tennessee and have been reported to CDC from 44 states?
Definition
salmonellosis
Term
rice water stools
Definition
cholera
Term
pea soup stools
Definition
salmonellosis
Term
"rose spots"
Definition
salmonellosis- appear during the 2nd week of the disease
Term
I've been slowly feeling worse and worse. I have an awful headache, and my throat is sore. I have a cough, and my fever has been getting worse. I have diarrhea.
Definition
salmonellosis
Term
10 days ago I started to feel ill. My fever has been getting worse but now it's constant. I have red spots on my body and my tummy is large and sore. My heart is beating very slowly.
Definition
salmonellosis: after 7-10 days of illness fever plateaus, pt appears very ill, rose spots develop, splenomegaly, abdominal distention and tenderness, and occasional bradycardia
Term
What is a common and typically self-limiting form of dysentery?
Definition
shigellosis
Term
All of a sudden, I have terrible cramping and diarrhea. There is blood and mucous in my diarrhea. I have fever, chills, and I feel terrible.
Definition
shigellosis- acute onset of lower ab cramping, diarrhea (w/blood and mucus present), fever, chills, malaise
Term
How may shigellosis progress?
Definition
may progress causing dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and colonic ulcerations
Term
How is shigellosis tx?
Definition
maintain hydration and antibiotics: trimethoprim-sulfamthoxazole (bactrim), and ciprofloxin
Term
What is caused by neurotoxic spores found in the soil which germinate when introduced into an open wound?
Definition
tetanus
Term
How is tetanus prevented?
Definition
prevented through immunization and boosters
Term
In what populations is tetanus most common?
Definition
most common in unvaccinated individual
Term
I stepped on a rusty nail and now I have pain and tingling in my foot and now my foot is spasing painfully.
Definition
tetanus: pain and tingling at the site of injury folowed by spasticity of nearby mm
Term
How does tetanus progress?
Definition
starts with pain and tingling at the site of injury followed by spasticity of nearby mm followed by neck and jaw stiffness (trismus) develop with dysphagia and increased irritability, progression to painful "tonic" convulsions
Term
How is tetanus prevented?
Definition
completely preventable by immunization
Term
How is tetanus tx?
Definition
tetanus immune globulin IM, full course of immunization after resolution of acute illness, and acutely: sedation, paralysis, mechanical ventillation, adn penicillin
Term
What is the mortality of tetanus?
Definition
very high mortality with progressive illness (40%)
Term
What is a naturally occuring disease of several domestic animals that is transmitted to humans from contaminated animals, animal products, or soil through the inoculation of open skin, mucus membranes, and inhalation?
Definition
anthrax
Term
What are the 3 types of anthrax?
Definition
cutaneous, inhalation, and GI
Term
When does cutaneous anthrax present?
Definition
occurs w/in 2 weeks after exposure, most commonly on an exposed area of skin
Term
I had a red bump that opened up and now it's black-ish purple.
Definition
anthrax: begins as an erythematous papule, then ulcerates, becomes necrotic, then forms a purple to black eschar
Term
When does inhalation anthrax present?
Definition
within 10 days of exposure
Term
I've been having a fever, headache, cough and congestion. I feel awful and it's been hard to breathe. How will this progress if untreated?
Definition
inhalation anthrax: stage 1: non-specific viral-like illness w/fever, malaise, headache, dyspnea, cough and congestion. Stage 2: overwhelming sepsis, delirium, s/s of meningeal irritation, and death
Term
When does GI anthrax present?
Definition
onset of infection is 2-5 days after eating contaminated meat
Term
widened mediastinum hallmark sign of what illness?
Definition
anthrax
Term
I have a fever, my stomach hurts, and I've been vomiting. It looks like there are coffee grounds in my stools.
Definition
GI anthrax: ptx present w/fever, ab pain, and vomiting. ulcerative lesion frequently causes blood tinged or cofee ground emesis or stools
Term
How is anthrax tx?
Definition
supportive care and antibiotics: ciprofloxacin, doxycylcine- consider combination therapy for inhalation or disseminated disease processes
Term
Book ?: What is the most common form of diptheria?
Definition
pharyngeal. (other forms include nasal, laryngeal, and cutaneous)
Term
Book ?: What are the most common and most serious complications of diptheria?
Definition
myocarditis and neuropathy
Term
Book ?: Which Abx is more effective in eliminating the carrier state of diptheria: erythromycin or penicillin?
Definition
erythromycin
Term
Book ?: How is typhoid fever best dx?
Definition
blood culture, which is poistive in the 1st week of illness in 80% of pts who have not taken antimicrobials
Term
Book ?: Are the majority of deaths from untx cases of enteric fever due to primary s/s or complications?
Definition
complications occur in about 30% untx cases and account for 75% of deaths
Term
Book ?: Which is the infectious form of anthrax: spores or vegetative bacteria?
Definition
spores- not vegetative bacteria are the infectious form of the organism
Term
Book ?: What is the most sensitive test for inhalation anthrax?
Definition
chest radiograph . . . mediastional widening due to hemorrhagic lymphadenitis, a hallmark feature of the disease, has been present in 70% of the bioterrorism-related cases. pleural effusions were present initially or occured over the course illness in all cases, and 3/4 had pulmonary infiltrates or sx of consolidation
Supporting users have an ad free experience!