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Bacteria
for biology II lab 1
22
Biology
Undergraduate 1
10/05/2011

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Term
[image]
Definition

Bacteria cell shape: Cocci

gram-positive (purple)

Term
[image]
Definition

Bacteria cell shape: Bacilli

gram-positive(purple)

Term
[image]
Definition

Bacteria cell shape: Spirilla 

gram-negative (pink)

Term
[image]
Definition

Staphylococcus aureus

gram-positive (purple)

Term
[image]
Definition
Bacillus gram positive
Term
[image]
Definition
Bacillus gram negative
Term
[image]
Definition

Rhodospirillium rubrum

gram negative(pink)

Term
[image]
Definition

Streptococcus

gram negative(pink)

Term
[image]
Definition

diplococcus

white blood cells= gram negative (pink)

red blood cells= gram positive (purple)

Term
gram staining procedure
Definition

1. (prep) put drop of water on slide then run through fire to sterilize, then sterilize loop pull

2. put loop in culture then pull up bacteria; place on slide

3.label slide

4. run through fire quickly to setle ("heat fixing") adheres to slide

5. 1st drio crystal violet (few drops on slide binds to peptidoglycen of cell wall); set for 1 minute

6. dump excess in container

7. rinse with distilled water for 10 seconds

8. drop grams iodine and repeat steps 5-7; but rinse with water AND ethanol

9. drop on counterstain "safrinin"

10. dab dry

11. drop oil on it

Term
[image]
Definition

Pseudomonas fluorescens

gram negative(pink)

100x in oil immersion

Term
[image]
Definition

Bacillus megatarium

gram positive (purple)

100x in oil immersion

Term
[image]
Definition

Oscillatoria spp. WET MOUNT

cyanobacteria

Term
[image]
Definition

Oscillatoria spp. PREPARED SLIDE

Cyanobacteria

Term
[image]
Definition

Nostoc spp

cyanobacteria

Term
[image]
Definition

Merismopedia spp.

Cyanobacteria

Term
cyanobacteria
Definition

photoautotrophic bacteria with plantlike photosynthesis, splitting H2O as an electron donor and yielding O2 as an electron acceptor .

contain photosystems I and II, have chlorophyll a and accessory blue phycobilin and red phycoerythrin pigments.

group in colony groups or filament lines

Term
heterocysts
Definition
specialized nonphotosynthetic cells in Nostoc and Anabaena that contain nitrogenase, which permits these cells to fix atmospheric gaseous nitrogen into a more usablke form such as ammonium (NH4+)
Term
How do prokatyotes differ from eukaryotes?
Definition

-no complex organelles

-no complex membrane-bound packing of DNA together w/histone protiends in chromosomes (has single loop of DNA w/ smaller loops of DNA [plasmids])

-reproduce by binary fission; no mitosis, meious, or fertilization

-cell wall composed of peptidoglycen NOT polysaccharides

-limited to multicellularity and cell specialization

Term
Describe diversity of form along all prokaryotes
Definition

3 basic shapes (cocci, bacilli, and spirilla)

variations od these (coccobacilli and vibrios)

can form in groups (diplococci, streptococci, staphylococci)

Term
why and how does gram staining work?
Definition

different stains used to bond to different parts of the cell membrane. 

Gram positive: first stain can bond to thick cell wall

Gram negative: thin outer membrane does not bond to first stain but takes the second stain

Term
describe differenes between living and preserved versions of cyanbacteria
Definition

living: more spread out and a lighter green

preserved: much darker green and more compacted together

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