Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Bacteria-Comprehensive Review
Exam 2
72
Pathology
Professional
05/07/2011

Additional Pathology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a pleomorphic organism that, unlike bacteria, lacks a _________, and unlike viruses, does not need ____________.
Definition
cell wall

host cell for replication
Term
Mycoplasma pneumoniae is stainable/non-stainable.
Definition
non-stainable
Term
Which non-staining bacteria is a common cause of community-acquired pneumonia?
Definition
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Term
What causes the prolonged paroxysmal cough seen in pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae?
Definition
inhibition of ciliary movement
Term
What do the specialized filamentous tips of Mycoplasma pneumoniae allow it to do?
Definition
burrow between cilia within the respiratory epithelium and cause sloughing of the the respiratory epithelial cells
Term
Rickettsia is stainable/non-stainable.
Definition
non-stainable
Term
What bacteria causes Rocky Mountain Spotted fever?
Definition
Rickettsia
Term
What is the smallest free living bacteria that is even smaller than the larger viruses?
Definition
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Term
transmission of Mycoplasm pneumonia
Definition
respiratory spread
Term
What bacteria causes "walking pneumonia?"
Definition
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Term
Mycoplasma pneumoniae causes a typical/atypical pneumonia.
Definition
atypical
Term
What are 4 potential causes of atypical pneumonia?
Definition
virus
mycoplasma
chlamydia
rickettsia
Term
signs of atypical pneumonia
Definition
non-productive cough
streaky lung infiltrates on CXR
Term
What is the diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae based on?
Definition
clinical presentation, not culture
Term
Ureaplasma urealyticum is a species of __________.
Definition
mycoplasma
Term
Ureaplasma urealyticum metabolizes ______.
Definition
urea
Term
What can Ureaplasma urealyticum cause?
Definition
urethritis
prostatitis
Term
What bacteria in normal flora in some healthy sexually active women but can cause urethritis and prostatitis?
Definition
Ureaplasma urealyticum
Term
What bacteria causes the following?

-strep throat
-scarlet fever
-streptococcal impetigo
-necrotizing fasciitis
-poststreptococcal acute glomerulonephritis
-poststreptococcal rheumatic fever
Definition
Streptococcus pyogenes
(Group A strep)
Term
What bacteria is responsible for Legionnaires' pneumonia?
Definition
Legionella pneumophilia
Term
population for Streptococcus pyogenes pharyngitis (strep throat)
Definition
older children
Term
population for Mycoplasma pneumoniae pharyngitis
Definition
older children and young adults
Term
population for Corynebacterium diphtheriae pharyngitis
Definition
unimmunized individuals
Term
population for Haemophilus influenzae epiglottis
Definition
unimmunized (Hib) individuals
2-7 years
Term
population for Bordetella pertussis (whooping cough)
Definition
unimmunized individuals

most are less than a year old, although older children may also get the disease
Term
What bacteria can cause the following?

pneumonia
occult febrile bacteremia
meningitis
epiglottitis
septic arthritis
cellulitis
otitis media
Definition
Haemophilus influenzae type B
Term
What remains a major cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants and children in underdeveloped countries?
Definition
Haemophilus influenzae type B
Term
transmission of Haemophilus influenzae type B
Definition
direct contact with respiratory droplets from nasopharyngeal carrier or case patient
Term
risk groups for H. influenzae type B
Definition
-infants and young children
-household contacts
-day care classmates
-American Indian/Alaska native populations
Term
blood tinged, "currant jelly" sputum
Definition
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Term
common causes of community-acquired typical pneumonia
Definition
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Term
most common cause of community-acquired typical pneumonia
Definition
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Term
uncommon causes of community-acquired typical pneumonia
Definition
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pyogenes
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Neisseria meningitidis
Term
What bacteria that can cause typical pneumonia is common in children with otitis media or patients with CF?
Definition
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Term
cough productive of rust-colored sputum
Definition
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Term
most common cause of infective endocarditis
Definition
S. aureus
Term
most common pathogen of atypical pneumonia
Definition
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Term
What bacteria is often seen in patients with cystic fibrosis?
Definition
Psedomonas aeruginosa
Term
Patients on respirators are more likely to develop pneumonia due to __________.
Definition
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Term
What type of immune reaction is post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis?
Definition
type III hypersensitivity reaction
Term
Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis can follow infections of the ________ or ______.
Definition
pharynx; skin
Term
pathogenesis of post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
Definition
deposition of antigen-antibody complexes
Term
Bordetella pertussis will have __________ whereas Haemophilus influenzae will have __________.
Definition
lymphocytosis; neutrophilia
Term
Pertussis vaccine immunity wanes after...
Definition
5-10 years
Term
What type of pneumonia infections causes foul-smelling or bad-tasting sputum?
Definition
anaerobic
Term
most common organism that causes cystitis
Definition
E. coli
Term
limits for cystitis
Definition
greater than 1000 CFU/mL
Term
limits for pyelonephritis
Definition
more than 10,000 CFU/mL
Term
What population is at the greatest risk for developing a UTI?
Definition
sexually active women
Term
diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis
Definition
-culture is negative
-no gram stain
-use genetic probes
Term
diagnosis of Neisseria gonorrheae
Definition
-culture on selective media
-gram stain
-genetic probes
Term
diagnosis of Treponema pallidum
Definition
-serology
-dark field examination (silver stain)
-no cultures
-no gram stain
Term
diagnosis of Haemophilus ducreyi
Definition
-culture on selective media
-gram stain
Term
diagnosis of Gardnerella vaginalis
Definition
-gram stain
-cytology
Term
What STI causes a painful chancroid?
Definition
Haemophilus ducreyi
Term
most common cause of genital ulcer disease (GUD)
Definition
Haemophilus ducreyi
Term
What tests should also be preformed if chancroid (H. ducreyi) is suspected?
Definition
HSV
syphilis
Term
What is the gold standard for diagnosis of chancroid?
Definition
culture from the ulcerative genital lesion
Term
What bacteria causes bubonic plague?
Definition
Yersinia pestis
Term
_________ are the only hosts for Shigella.
Definition
humans
Term
What have been the most common food source linked to Salmonella enteritidis (SE)?
Definition
eggs
Term
What bacteria mimics symptoms of acute appendicitis?
Definition
Yersinia enterocolitica
Term
What bacteria causes meningitis in a newborn after a long delivery and prolonged rupture of membranes and is a gram positive cocci?
Definition
Streptococcus agalactiae
(Group B strep)
Term
What bacteria causes meningitis in a neonate and is a gram negative rod?
Definition
E. coli
Term
What bacteria causes meningitis in a neonate and is a gram positive rod?
Definition
Listeria monocytogenes
Term
What bacteria causes purulent meningitis in infants and adults (except neonates), has rapid onset, and is a gram positive cocci?
Definition
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Term
What bacteria causes meningitis in infants 6 months-2 years and occurs because the child has not been vaccinated, and is a gram negative rod?
Definition
Haemophilus influenzae type B
Term
What bacteria causes meningitis in a college student or military recruit, can be an epidemic, and can affect any age?
Definition
Neisseria meningitidis
Term
What causes acute endocarditis of a native heart valve?
Definition
Staphylococcus aureus
coagulase positive
Term
What causes acute endocarditis of a prosthetic heart valve?
Definition
Staphylococcus epidermidis
coagulase negative
Term
What causes acute endocarditis in an IV drug user?
Definition
Staphylococcus aureus
coagulase positive
Term
mechanism of injury in Rickettsia infection (Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever)
Definition
1. invasion into endothelial cells
2. proliferation within the cells
3. finally rupture causing vascular damage and thrombosis
Supporting users have an ad free experience!