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Bacillus
VM 607 Final
21
Veterinary Medicine
Professional
02/27/2012

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Term
Bacillus Characteristics
Definition
mostly non-pathogenic
Gram positive, large rods
spore-forming under aerobic conditions
motile, beta hemolytic
Term
Bacillus anthracis Characteristics
Definition
REPORTABLE
large, gram-positive rods with square/concave ends in chains
aerobic, non-motile
non-hemolytic in sheep blood
can be hemolytic on human/rabbit blood
ground glass colonies
medusa head morphology
Term
Bacillus cereus Characteristics
Definition
aerobic spore former, soil inhabitant
Term
Bacillus cereus Disease
Definition
Acute and Fatal Gangrenous Mastitis
Abortion in Cows and Ewes
Food Poisoning
Term
Bacillus cereus Entry
Definition
enters udder through contaminated treatment or treatment devices
improper teat sanitation prior to intramammary tx
Term
Bacillus cereus Food Poisoning Forms
Definition
Emetic Form - short incubation caused by emetic strains from heat resistant toxin
Diarrheal Form - long incubation caused by diarrheal strains with heat labile enterotoxins
Term
Bacillus cereus Damage
Definition
Hemolysin
Nonhemolytic Enterotoxin
Cytotoxin K
Term
Bacillus anthracis Spores
Definition
formed upon exposure to air
have to dispose body by cremation
spores stable in soil for up to 22 years
Term
Bacillus anthracis Pathogenesis
Definition
frank pathogen, zoonotic,
mainly infects wild and domestic herbivores
Term
Bacillus anthracis Disease
Definition
Wool Sorters' Disease
Term
Bacillus anthracis Entry
Definition
enter through skin or mucous membranes
ingestion is possible
spores germinate at site of entry to give septic/localized infection
Term
Bacillus anthracis Symptoms in Ruminants and Horses
Definition
Ruminants = sudden, high fever, bloat, bleeding from orifices, edema, death in 1-2 hours
Horses = colic, edematous swelling of throat, neck, shoulders
Term
Bacillus anthracis Symptoms in Dogs and Swine
Definition
pharyngeal swelling, gastroenteritis, inflammatory edema of head and neck
suffocation
Term
Bacillus anthracis Diagnosis
Definition
PCR from swab and incinerate dead animal on site as quickly as possible
Term
Bacillus anthracis Damage
Definition
Capsule - inhibit opsonization and phagocytosis
Exotoxins - edema factor, protective antigen, lethal factor
Term
Bacillus anthracis Exotoxins
Definition
Edema Factor - adenylate cyclase
Protective Antigen - host binding and pore formation
forms pore so that the toxin can get into cell to cause damage
Lethal Factor - zinc protease
Term
Bacillus anthracis Virulence Factors Combinations
Definition
LF + PA = lethal
EF + PA = edema
EF + LF = inactive
PA + LF + EF = edema, necrosis, lethal
Term
Lethal Factor
Definition
Bacillus anthracis virulent factor
degrades MAPKK to inhibit survival of the cell, proliferation, apoptosis
results in cell death
inhibits dendritic cell maturation
Term
Protective Antigen
Definition
Bacillus anthracis virulence factor
forms a pore in the cell to allow entrance of lethal factor and edema factor inside the cell
Term
Bacillus anthracis Treatment/Prevention
Definition
REPORTABLE
burn/incinerate dead animals on site
do not necropsy the animal
exposure to air leads to sporulation
move rest of herd to new pasture and vaccinate
tell client to seek medical attention immediately
antibiotics effective for human cutaneous anthrax but not pulmonary form
early treatment is crucial
Term
Bacillus anthracis Vaccination
Definition
antibodies raised against protective antigen
immunity lasts 1 years
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