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Auburn University A&P I Test 2
joints
64
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
10/13/2011

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Cards

Term
joints
Definition
articulations between bones
Term
structural types of joints
Definition
fibrous/cartilaginous/synovial
Term
fibrous joints
Definition
composed of dense connective tissue
Term
cartilaginous joints
Definition
mostly composed of hyaline cartilage
Term
synovial joints
Definition
made of synovial membrane (loose connective tissue + other things) ** all synovial joints are diarthrotic**
Term
sutures
Definition
fibrous & synarthrotic
Term
gomphosis
Definition
tooth joint into skull; fibrous & synarthrotic
Term
syndesmosis
Definition
fibrous & amphiarthrotic; example: distal end of tibia & fibula
Term
fibrous joint types
Definition
sutures, gomphosis, & syndesmosis
Term
cartilaginous joint types
Definition
symphysis & synchondrosis
Term
pubic symphysis
Definition
cartilaginous & amphiarthrotic
Term
epiphyseal plates (type of cartilage)
Definition
only found in juveniles, cartilaginous & synarthrotic
Term
synovial joints
Definition
ALL DIARTHROTIC; plane + hinge + pivot + condyloid + saddle + ball & socket
Term
plane joints
Definition
synovial & diarthrotic; non-axial; ex: carpals & tarsals
Term
carpals & tarsals
Definition
synovial & diarthrotic; PLANE; non-axial; gliding movement
Term
hinge joints
Definition
synovial & diarthrotic; uniaxial; ex: elbow & knee
Term
elbow & knee
Definition
synovial & diarthrotic; HINGE; uniaxial
Term
pivot joints
Definition
synovial & diarthrotic; uniaxial; ex: atlas & axis, proximal radius & ulna
Term
atlas & axis joint
Definition
synovial & diarthrotic; uniaxial; PIVOT
Term
proximal radius & ulna joint
Definition
synovial & diarthrotic; uniaxial; PIVOT
Term
condyloid joints
Definition
synovial & diarthrotic; biaxial; ex: finger joints, wrist joints
Term
finger joints
Definition
synovial & diarthrotic; CONDYLOID; biaxial
Term
wrist joints
Definition
synovial & diarthrotic; CONDYLOID; biaxial
Term
saddle joint
Definition
synovial & diarthrotic; biaxial; ex: thumb
Term
thumb joint
Definition
synovial & diarthrotic; biaxial; SADDLE
Term
ball & socket joints
Definition
synovial & diarthrotic; ONLY TRIAXIAL JOINTS; ex: hip & shoulder
Term
hip joint
Definition
synovial & diarthrotic; ball & socket; triaxial
Term
shoulder joint
Definition
synovial & diarthrotic; ball & socket; triaxial
Term
synarthrotic joints
Definition
sutures + gomphosis + synchondrosis
Term
amphiarthrotic joints
Definition
syndesmosis (tibia/fibula @ distal end) + pubic symphisis
Term
diarthrotic joints
Definition
all synovial joints
Term
synovial joint movement types
Definition
gliding + angular + rotation + circumduction + special
Term
gliding synovial joint movement
Definition
does not cross an axis (non-axial); example: carpals & tarsals
Term
angular synovial joint movement
Definition
crosses 1 axis (uniaxial); abduction & adduction// flexion, extension, & hyperextension
Term
abduction & adduction
Definition
moving away from midline/ closer to midline; ANGULAR synovial joint movement
Term
flexion, extension & hyperextension
Definition
hyperextension >180 degrees; ANGULAR synovial joint movement
Term
rotation
Definition
pivots over 1 axis 180 degrees; synovial joint movement
Term
circumduction
Definition
synovial joint movement in which proximal end is sttionery & distal end turns 360 degrees; example= fingers, wrists, shoulders
Term
special synovial joint movement types
Definition
elevation & depression; protraction & retraction; inversion & eversion; pronation & supination
Term
elevation & depression
Definition
special synovial joint movement; mandible & shoulder
Term
protraction & retraction
Definition
special synovial joint movement; mandible & shoulder
Term
inversion & eversion
Definition
special synovial joint movement; soles of feet
Term
pronation & supination
Definition
special synovial joint movement; forearm: hold soup palms up
Term
3 joints most likely to sustain injuries
Definition
shoulder, hip, knee
Term
shoulder
Definition
most movable joint in body; mobility costs stability
Term
ligaments that secure shoulder
Definition
coracohumeral ligament (superior), glenohumeral ligaments (anterior), rotator cuff tendons & muscles (posterior)
Term
coracohumeral ligament
Definition
secures shoulder superiorly
Term
glenohumeral ligaments
Definition
secure shoulder anteriorly
Term
rotator cuff
Definition
tendons & muscles that secure shoulder posteriorly
Term
secures shoulder superiorly
Definition
coracohumeral ligament
Term
secures shoulder anteriorly
Definition
glenohumeral ligaments
Term
secures shoulder posteriorly
Definition
rotator cuff
Term
sublixation
Definition
any dislocation of a ball & socket joint
Term
labrum
Definition
connective tissue (fibrocartilage) --> lends a little stability to shoulder
Term
connective tissue (fibrocartilage) that lends a little stability to shoulder joint
Definition
labrum
Term
hip tendon & ligament arrangement
Definition
corkscrewing arrangement; makes it strong
Term
acetabulum vs. glenoid cavity
Definition
acetabulum is deeper than glenoid cavity, which makes it more stable
Term
hip typically breaks at..
Definition
the neck of the femur: weighbearing, horizontal
Term
stabilizers of knee joint
Definition
anterior cruciate ligament + posterior cruciate ligament + medial collateral ligament + lateral collateral ligament
Term
strong hamstrings & quads
Definition
can compensate for torn collateral ligaments, but cruciate ligaments have to be repaired surgically with grafts
Term
patellar tendon graft
Definition
weakens patellar tendon by increasing lateral force on patella, but no chance of rejection
Term
hamstring tendon graft
Definition
better option for gymnasts & soccer players, not going to be rejected
Term
cadaver's ACL/ MCL graft
Definition
quicker recovery, b/c it only requires one surgery, b
Term
cadaver's ACL/ MCL graft
Definition
quicker recovery, b/c it only requires one surgery, but greater chance of rejection or tearing it. better alternative for older, less active people
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