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Attitudes and Social Cognition
N/A
19
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
05/11/2014

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Cards

Term
Attitudes
Definition
Evaluations of something exhibited in people's thoughts or behaviours.
Valence, intensity
Term
ABC model
Definition
Afeect, Behaviour, Cognition- feel/behave/think positively/negatively
Term
Values
Definition
ENDURING evaluations about GENERAL aspects of life. Can influence attitudes.
Term
Attitude Complexity
Definition
Evaluate an attitude object along a number of dimensions
Term
Attitude-Behaviour Link
Definition
Wicker
Behaviour does not necessarily show attitude.
Term
Awareness
Definition
Don't always know what attitudes are- implicit vs explicit.
Salience determines awareness- high salience= behaviour more controlled.
If trait salient, more likely to behave that way.
Term
The Theory of Planned Behaviour
Definition

Azjen and Fishbein

Attitude towards behaviour + Subjective norms + Perceived behavioural control= Intention= Behaviour.

 

*Addition: Implementation Intentions: transfer behavioural control to environment

ie- NOT 'I will do more work' but 'I will read this and this'

HELPS: egange in excercise -better memory -reduce unconscious racism -reduce effects of social anxiety

Term
Self-perception theory
Definition
Unconsciously evaluate our own behaviour to work out what our attitudes are.
Term
Cognitive Dissonance Theory
Definition
Behaviour can change attitudes if they are inconsistent.
Term
KATZ, 1960
Definition

ATTITUDE FUNCTIONS

 

1.Knowledge function 2.Utilitarian function 3.Value Expressive function 4.Ego-Defensive function

Term
Knowledge Function
Definition
Consistent attitudes act as heuristics.
Attitudes as schemas
Term
Utilitarian Function
Definition
Help us gain rewards and avoid punishments
Term
Value Expressive Function
Definition
Espress our more general values through specific attitudes
Term
Ego-Deffensive Function
Definition
Possitive attitude about selves (positive self esteem) can protect from anxiety.
Term
Attitude Formation
Definition

1. Mere Exposure Effect: familiarity makes object more favourable 2. Social Learning: Aquiring attitudes from others. 3. Genetic tendencies 4. Attitude consistency and balance (Heider)- Gestalt- consistent attitudes are balanced and form a unit. Tend to form attitudes which are consistent with other objects

 

-NEED FOR KNOWLEDGE
-NEED TO AFFIRM 

Term
When do attitudes predict Behaviour?
Definition

-situational restraints

-time pressure

-competing attitudes/goals

-implicit/explicit attitudes

Term
COGNITIVE DISSONANCE THEORY
Definition

Festinger

 

Dissonance between attitudes/ between attitude and behaviour.

 

Inconsistency - Tension - Result

 

 

Term
Cognitive Dissonance and Self- Esteem
Definition

-Induced Compliance: internalize attitude if can't justify behaviour (Festinger & Carlsmith study)

 

-Justification Effort: increase liking for something if have put a lot of effort into it.

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