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Atomic Structure
Atoms, etc.
21
Chemistry
11th Grade
12/15/2008

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Term
Democritus:
Definition
Proposed the first atomic theory. "Everything is composed of empty space and tiny particles called atoms."
Term
John Dalton:
Definition
Father of the modern atomic theory. "All matter is composed of tiny particles called atoms."
Term
The changing atom models and who proposed each:
Definition
Dalton: an atom is the smallest indivisible particle of matter.
Thomson: "Plum-Pudding"
Rutherford: Gold Foil Experiment.
Bohr: "Planetary Model"
Present: Electron Cloud.
Term
The Atom:
Definition
The smallest unit of an element that can exsist alone or can enter into a combination with other atoms.
Term
Nucleus:
Definition
dense, positively charged central core of the atom.
Term
Electron Cloud:
Definition
the area outside the nucleus.
Term
amu:
Definition
atomic mass unit
Term
Protons were discovered by:
Definition
Rutherford
Term
Neutrons were discovered by:
Definition
Chadwick
Term
Electrons were discovered by:
Definition
Thomson
Term
Each block on the periodic chart must contain what three things?
Definition
Symbol, Atomic Number, and Atomic Mass
Term
Symbol:
Definition
represents one atom of the element.
Term
Atomic Number:
Definition
the number of protons in the atom.
Term
Atomic Mass:
Definition
the average mass of the masses of the isotopes of an element.
Term
Element:
Definition
a substance which contains atoms with the same number of protons.
Term
Mass Number:
Definition
the sum of the number of protons and nuetrons in an atom.
Term
Nuclide:
Definition
any individual atom containing a definate number of protons and nuetrons.
Term
Isotopes:
Definition
different atoms which contain the same amout of protons, but different amounts of nuetrons.
Term
Ion:
Definition
an atom or group of atoms which possess an overall electrical charge formed by gaining or losing electrons.
Term
Positive Ion:
Definition
metals formed positive ions by losing electrons.
Term
Negative Ions:
Definition
nonmetals formed negative ions by gaining electrons.
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