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Atomic & Molecular Oribtals
concepts and formulas
17
Chemistry
Undergraduate 1
01/16/2013

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Cards

Term

The s oribtal is _____ shaped

the p oribtal is _____ shaped

Definition

 1 circle

3'dumbells' that are in the z,y,x

Term

1.If the signs (+/-) of the atomic orbitals are the same then ____ forms

2.if the signs are different then ____ forms

Definition

1.bonding oribtal

2.antibonding oribtal

Term

recall our oribtals:

s,p,d,f

how does a chemical bond form?

 

Definition

1. from the overlap of 2 half-filled oribtals

(most common)

 

2.from the overlap of a :

compleltely filled orbital & an empty  orbital.:

 

Term

recall our oribtals:

s,p,d,f

why do the orbitals hybridize to form oribtals? 

Name the 3 hyberdized orbitals (most commonly delt with)

Definition

1. to achieve the lowest energy level  possible for that molecule .

(↓energy,↑stable).

(*oribtals are combined,no new orbitals,nothing destroyed)

 

2 .sp3, sp2,sp

Term

sp3 molecules include what kind of bonds __________?

(single,double,triple)

Definition
single
Term

sp2 molecules include what kind of bonds __________?

(single,double,triple)

 

Definition
double
Term

1.  when the half filled  orbitals overlap side to side, (causing 2 parallel electron clould densities),


what special bonds  connects them?

Definition
pi (π )bond
Term
Why is a pi (π )bond needed?
Definition
allows the electron density to be above and below the nucleus.
Term
 when the half filled p  orbitals overlap end to end (or head to head) the bond that connects them is called?
Definition
sigma bond (σ)
Term
What is an imporant function of sigma bonds(σ)?
Definition

allow for free rotation

b/c their electron density of the bonding oribitals accumulate in a single linear 

way btwn the nucleus.

 

Term
why dont pi bonds allow for free rotations?
Definition

the electron densities of these oribitals are parallel

(the pi bond would break if it tried to rotate).

 

Term
why are pi bonds weaker than sigma bonds?
Definition

Recall that pi bonds connect the unhybridized p oribitals

(recall sp2: 1s 2p, but leaves 1 orbital unhybridized),

=unbridized =higher energy=more unstable

Term
sp oribitals  are  associated  with single,double, or triple bonds?
Definition
triple
Term

triple bonds are made of

# pi

#sigma

Definition

2 pi

1 sigma

 

Term

double bonds are made of

# pi

#sigma

Definition

1 pi

1 sigma

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