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Assessment Test #2
Vocab for test 2 (3/19/2013)
69
Nursing
Undergraduate 2
03/18/2013

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Term
Anterior Landmarks (Lines x3)
Definition
Midsternal Line (MSL)
Sternal Border (RSB/LSB)
Midclavicular Line (RMCL/LMCL)
Term
Lateral Landmarks (Lines x3)
Definition
Anterior Axillary Line (RAAL/LAAL)
Midaxillary Line (RMAL/LMAL)
Posterior Axillary Line (RPAL/LPAL)
Term
Posterior Landmarks (Lines x2)
Definition
Vertebral Line
Scapular Line (R/L)
Term
Suprasternal Notch
Definition
Superior border of sternum - used as a starting place for finding landmarks
Term
Manubriosternal Angle/Angle of Louis
Definition
Next to 2nd rib - tracheal bifurcation
Term
Costal Angle
Definition
Angle of ribs to xiphoid process - < 90 degrees
Term
Vertebra Prominens
Definition
C7 --> T1
Term
Superior Border of Scapula
Definition
~ T2 (Rib 2)
Term
10th Rib (T10)
Definition
Bottom of lung posteriorly during normal inspiration
Term
12th Rib (T12)
Definition
Bottom of lung posteriorly during deep inspiration
Term
Anterior Lung Borders
Definition
Apices: Above clavicle
Bottom: Rib 6
Term
Lateral Lung Borders
Definition
Apices: Up in the axilla
Bottom: Rib 8
Term
Posterior Lung Borders
Definition
Apices: Above scapulae
Bottom: Normal - Rib 10
Deep - Rib 12
MOSTLY LOWER LOBE
Term
Eupnic
Definition
Rate: 12-20
Rhythm: regular
Depth: full
Even
Unlabored
Term
Tachypnea
Definition
>24/min
Caused by fear/anxiety
Term
Bradypnea
Definition
<10/min
Caused by sedatives or brain injury
Term
Apnea
Definition
Without respirations
Term
Dyspnea
Definition
Labored/difficult

VERY COMMON
Term
Angle of Rib Insertion
Definition
Anteriorly: 90
Posteriorly: 45
Term
AP:Transverse
Definition
1:2 or 5:7
Term
Barrel Chest
Definition
ABNORMAL
AP:Transverse = 1:1
Round Chest
Term
Scoliosis
Definition
Spine is deviated in one or more places. Chest does not expand evenly
Term
Tactile Fremitus
Definition
Palpable vibrations

"99" "Blue Moon"
Term
Resonance
Definition
Sound of a healthy adult lung
Term
Hyperresonance
Definition
normal in infants/young children
Abnormal in adults
Term
Dullness
Definition
Abnormal density - heart or fluid in lungs
Term
Bronchial Breath Sounds
Definition
Normal over trachea

I 1:2
Term
Bronchovesicular Breath Sounds
Definition
Normal over major airways (Tracheal bifurcation)

I = E --> 1:1
Term
Vesicular Breath Sounds
Definition
Peripheral lung fields

I>E --> 2:1
Term
Crackles
Definition
Discontinuous, popping sounds

Airways opening
Term
Wheezes
Definition
Continuous; high pitched; d/t obstructed air flow.
Bronchioles narrowed --> Asthma attack
Term
Rhonchi
Definition
Continuous; type of wheeze; low pitch; snoring sound
Rattles d/t secretions
Term
Stridor
Definition
Upper airway obstruction; shallow wheeze (choking) --> Inspiration
Term
Pneumonia
Definition
Inspection: Increased resp, S.O.B., decreased SaO2
Palpation: increased tactile fremitus over consolidated area
Percussion: Dullness
Auscultation: Bronchial, Bronchovesicular sounds, increased breath sounds
Term
Pneumothorax
Definition
Inspection: S.O.B., accessory muscles, increased resp, increased pulse, increased BP
Palpation: Deviated trachea, decreased tactile fremitus
Percussion: Hyperresonance
Auscultation: decreased breath sounds
Term
Emphysema
Definition
Inspection: Accessory muscles, thin, pursed lips, barrell chest, tri-pod, increased resp, incr. pulse, incr. BP, decreased SaO2
Palpation: decreased tactile fremitus
Percussion: hyperresonance
Auscultation: decreased breath sounds
Term
Palpitation
Definition
SUBJECTIVE DATA
Able to feel heart beat
Term
Syncope
Definition
Fainting
Term
Orthopnea
Definition
Difficulty breathing in supine
Term
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea (PND)
Definition
Can't lay down @ night
Term
Precordium
Definition
Exterior portion of chest over heart
Term
Heart Valves
Definition
Tricuspid (R)
Mitral (L)
Semilunar
Aortic
Term
Heart Beat (order of activity)
Definition
SA --> AV --> Bundles --> Perkinje Fibers

Electrical --> Mechanical

L --> R
Term
Heart Sounds
Definition
S1 - CLosure of AV valves (systole)
S2 - Closure of other 2 valves (diastole)

SOUNDS = CLOSING OF VALVES
Term
Sound 1 (S1)
Definition
Closure of AV (MV&TV) valves
Beginning of ventricular systole
MV closes before TV: Usually 1 sound
Loudest at apex
Term
Sound 2 (S2)
Definition
Closure of semi-lunar valves (AV & PV)
AV closes before PV - Usually one sound
End of systole
Loudest at base
Term
Physiological Split S2
Definition
AV closing before PV and heard as 2 sounds
D/T increased venous return inspiration - decreasing amount of blood return to left side = shortened LV systole
Present during inspiration/decreased - expiration and sitting

INCREASED WITH INSPIRATION!!
Term
Extra sounds - S3
Definition
Early diastolic sound
Passive rapid ventricular filling causes vibration
PHYSIOLOGIC IN CHILDREN, YOUNG ADULTS & PREGNANCY
Abnormal = heart failure
Heard immediately after S2 --> Back sided gallop
Term
Extra Sounds - S4
Definition
Late diastolic sound - Atrial contraction
May be physiologic in children, and few adults over 40 y/o with no hx of heart disease
Pathologic d/t conditions such as CAD, HTN
heard best at apex
Term
Heart Murmur
Definition
Normal in kids
Can be outgrown
Normal during pregnancy

Swishing sound - high flow or backward flow
Term
Apical impulse
Definition
Visible heart movements (beats)
Term
Lifts/Heaves
Definition
Due to hypertrophy of heart
ABNORMAL
Term
Thrills
Definition
Palpable murmur - Feels like the throat of a purring cat
ABNORMAL
Term
A Poor, Exhausted, Tired Monkey
Definition
Landmarks for stethoscope
Aortic
Pulmonic
Erb's Point
Tricuspid
Mitral
Term
Diaphragm
Definition
High pitched sounds:
S1, S2, Splits, High pitched murmurs
Term
Bell
Definition
Low pitched sounds:
S3, S4, low pitched murmurs
Term
Sinus Dysrhythmia
Definition
HR increases with inspiration and decreases with expiration
NORMAL!
Term
Orthostatic hypotension
Definition
Drop in SBP of >20mmHg or pulse increase of 20 or > BPM
Term
Hypovolemic
Definition
Decrease in blood volume
Term
Claudication
Definition
Decreased circulation to specific area/muscle
Like angina in extremities
Term
Bruits
Definition
ABNORMAL
Use bell - murmur in the vessel
Term
Allen's Test
Definition
Patency circulation to hand
Term
Allen's Test
Definition
Patency circulation to hand
Term
Allen's Test
Definition
Patency circulation to hand
Term
Superficial Thrombophlebitis
Definition
Inflammation of the vein with a clot
Area of redness
Term
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
Definition
Could make it into the pulmonary system --> pulmonary embolism
Term
Jugular Venous Distention (JVD)
Definition
Normal = no more than 2-3 cm
Term
Arterial abnormalities
Definition
Decreased pulses, cap refill and cold.
Elevational pallor, no edema, shiny skin, decreased hair, nail thickening, claudication, pain aggravated by elevation of the extremity; dependent position alleviates pain, motor and sensory loss if severe
Term
Venous Abnormalities
Definition
Edema, brownish/pink pigmentation, varicosities, aggravated by prolonged standing, elevation alleviates pain, thickened skin, pulses normal unless large amount of edema
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