Shared Flashcard Set

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A. Smith- Infectious Deseases 1
Packet 1
104
Pathology
Graduate
10/23/2009

Additional Pathology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Epstein Barr Virus more symptomatic in which age group?
Definition
Adolescents/adults
Term
Influenza more fatal in which age group?
Definition
older people
Term
P. vivax does not infect those in African descent who lack?
Definition
Duffy blood group antigen-which is a receptor for malarial parasite
Term
Prions
Definition
modified host protein
Term

What are some examples of Prions?

 

Definition

spongiform

encephalopathies

Cruetzfeldt-Jakob

Term

Prion's

 

site of propagation?

Definition

intracellular

 

(ie Creutzfeld-Jacob)

Term

Viruses'

 

site of propagation?

Definition

Obligate

 

(ie Polio)

Term

Bacteria

 

site of propagation?

Definition

obligate-chlamydia


extracellular- strep pnuemoniae

 

facultative intracellular- mycobacterium tuberculosis

Term

Fungi

 

site of propagation?

Definition

extracellular- candida albicans

 

facultative- histoplasma

Term

Protozoa

 

site of propagation?

Definition

extracellular-trypanosoma gambiense

 

Faculatative-trypanosoma cruzi

 

obligate- Leishmania donovani

Term

Helminths

 

site of propagation?

Definition

extracellular-Wuchereria bancrofti

 

Intracellular- Trichinella spirlas

Term
Creutzfeld Jacob is what type of infectious agent?
Definition
Prion
Term
Trachoma (a bacterial infection of the eye) , urethritis are symptoms of?
Definition
Chlamydia trachomatic
Term
The infectious agent that causes is Pnuemonia?
Definition
strep pnuemoniae
Term
Tuberculosis is caused by what pathogen?
Definition
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Term
Thrush is caused by what pathogen?
Definition
Cadida albicans
Term
Histoplasmosis is caused by what pathogen?
Definition
Histoplasma capsulatum
Term
Sleeping Sleepness is caused by what pathogen?
Definition
Trypanosoma gambiense
Term
Chagas disease is caused by what pathogen?
Definition
trypanosoma cruzi
Term
Kale-azar is caused by what pathogen?
Definition
Leishmania donovani
Term
Filariesis is caused by what pathogen?
Definition
Wuchereria bancrofti
Term
Trichinosis is caused by what pathogen?
Definition
Trichinella spiralis
Term
Bacteriophage, plasmids are?
Definition
genetic elements incorporate into bacteria genome
Term
Can't make ATP is a characteristic of?
Definition
Chlamydiae
Term

1. Lack cell wall

2. atypical interstitial pneumonia

 

characteristics of?

Definition
Mycoplasma
Term

1. replicate in cytoplasm endothelial cell

2. vasculitis, rash, shock, edema, CNS disease

 

characteristics of?

Definition
Rickettsia
Term

1. Yeast and Hyphae

2.several infections

3. superficial skin

4. subcutaneous or systemic

 

characteristics of?

Definition
Fungi
Term

1. single cell motile and complex organelles

 

characteristics of?

 

Definition
Protozoa
Term

1. complex, multicellular with complex life cycle

2. immature stages or asexual larval forms

 

characteristics of?

Definition
Helminths
Term

arthropod attach to the skin is called?

 

Definition
Ectoparasite
Term
Niesseria gonorrhoeae binds to genital epithelium by____?
Definition
fimbraiae
Term
suppurative means?
Definition

pus

 

example: brain abscess

Term

suppurative infections

skin/subcutaneous tissue

carbuncle

furuncle

paronychia

felon

impetigo

 

are signs of what?

Definition
Staphylococcus aureus
Term

can go deep in tissue

arthritis in joints

osteomyelitis in bone

endocarditis in heart valve

pneumonia in lung

meninges/brain

pyelonephritis

 

are signs of what?

Definition
Staphylococcus aureus
Term

Food poisoning

 

toxic shock syndrome

 

scalded skin syndrome

 

are signs of what?

Definition
Staphylococcus aureus
Term
focul suppurative infection of skin in hairy areas-begin in hair follicle, get abscess, and rupture is called?
Definition
Furuncle
Term
deep suppurative inflammation of subcutaneous tissue is called?
Definition
Carbuncle
Term
contagious superficial skin pustules that rupture with honey colored crust are called?
Definition
impetigo (from staph)
Term

is beta hemolytic


includes: S. pyrogenes


causes: phayrngitis, scarlet fever, erysipelas, ARF, acute GN

 


are signs of what?

Definition

Streptococci

A

Term

is beta hemolytic


includes: S. agalactiae


causes: neonatal sepsis, meningitis, pueperal, sepsis, UTI

 

are signs of what?

Definition

Streptococci

B

Term

has Variable hemolysis

 

includes: S. faecalis

 

Causes: UTI /endocarditis

 

are signs of what?

Definition

Streptococci

D

Term

is alpha hemolytic

 

includes:

S. mutans

S. pneumoniae


Causes: endocarditis, dental caries, pnuemonia, meningitis

 

are signs of what?

Definition

Streptococci

untypable

Term

cerebrospinal meningitis

adrenal necrosis and hemorrhage

septicemia and shock

gangrene

 

are signs of what?

Definition
Neisseria meniningitis
Term

food borne (dairy/poultry/hot dog)


meningitis, bacteremic abcess


stillbirth, neonatal sepsis and meningitis

 

are signs of what?

Definition
Listeria monocytogenes
Term

spores

powder form

animal exposure

affects cutaneous, inhalation, GI

 

are signs of what?

Definition

Anthrax

 

aka

 

Bacillus anthracis

Term

Cutaneous-painless, pruitic papule, enlarging vesicle, ulcer black eschar

 

rare bacteremia

 

are signs of what?

Definition

Anthrax

 

aka

 

Bacillus anthracis

Term

Inhalaion-hemorrhagic, mediastinitis, pneumonia, chest pain, hypoxia, bacteremia, shock, death with in days

 

are signs of what?

Definition

Anthrax

 

aka

 

Bacillus anthracis

Term

GI- nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting, bloody diarrhea with 50% mortality

 

are possible signs of what?

Definition

Anthrax

 

aka

 

Bacillus anthracis

Term

necrosis of upper respiratory tract


fever, sore throat, exudate on oropharynx and larynx


gives toxin into blood that causes fatty change in heart

chronic heart failure

demylenation of peripheral nerves

 

are signs of what?

Definition
Corynebacterium diptheriae
Term

whooping cough


high pitched inspiratory whoop

laryngotracheobronchitis

peripheral blood lymphocytosis


get pneumonia/hypoxemia

 

are signs of what?

Definition
Bordetella pertussis
Term

Name this pathogen?

is gram negative


 can be nosocomial/opportunistic

 

Causes:

post-burn infections

pnuemonia with CF

envades vascular wall-thrombosis

keratitis

endocarditis

osteomyelitis (drug users)

swimmer's ear


Definition
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Term

affects nasopharynx

 

pyogenic in middle ear, sinuses, epiglottis (croup), meninges, lungs, joints

 

are signs of what?

Definition
Hemophilus influenzae
Term

lipopolysacccharide cause fever, leukopenia, DIC, bactermia


UTI, Intestinal problems, neonatal meningitis, pneumonia, sepsis with shock

 

are signs of what?

Definition

E. coli

 

(escherichia)

Term

bronchopneumonia

focal necrosis

aerosols from H20 reserviors

macrophages>neutrophils

20 thrombosis

+ silver stain

 

are signs of what?

Definition
Legionella pneumophila
Term

Enteropathogenic bacteria

 cause disease by?

Definition

1. enterotoxin-stimulate GI tract to cause diarrhea and vomiting and t cells to release cytokines


2. extoxins-inhibit absoprtion/ cause diarrhea without damage


3. direct invasion-ulcers, inflammation, hemorrhage


4. passage into the blood stream-systemic infection (typhoid)

Term
Bacterial enterocolitis results from ingestion of?
Definition
preformed toxin from food (S. aureus and C. perfrigens)
Term
A secretoagous toxin is what?
Definition
once the organism binds to epithelial cell membrane, a portion of toxin enters cell and activates electrolyte and water secretion
Term
A parasite that competes with vitamin B12 in the GI is?
Definition
D. latum
Term
What are common agents that cause infectious enterocolitis?
Definition

Rotavirus

E. coli

Norwalk virus

 

 

(REN)

Term
What are the general features of watery diarrhea?
Definition

fliud-filled stools

Intestinal fluid loss

small intestine

Term
What bugs cause watery diarrhea?
Definition

Vibrio cholerae (severe)

 

E. coli

 

Giardiasis (chronic)

Term
What are the general features of dysentery diarrhea?
Definition

loose stools of smaller vol

mucus, pus, blood

fever

abdominal pain

cramps

tenesmus

mainly colon

not as great fluid loss

Term
What bugs cause desentery diarrhea?
Definition

Shigella dysenteriae

 

Entamoeba histolytica

Term
General features of Diarrhea?
Definition
enteric fever
Term
Causes of endemic  Diarrhea?
Definition

Rotavirus


Camplyobacter


Salmonella


Shigella


Cholera


(RCCSS)

Term
Causes of epidemic  Diarrhea?
Definition

Typhoid fever


Cholera


Shigellosis


Norwalk


(T-CNS)

Term
Causes of food poisoning?
Definition

Enterohemmorrhagic E. coli


Staph aureus


Salmonella enteriditis


typhimurium


Clostridium perfrigens

Term
Causes of traveler's Diarrhea?
Definition

E. coli

 

Shigella

 

Giardia

Term
Causes of nosocomial Diarrhea?
Definition

Clostridium difficile

 

E. coli and rotavirus (nursery)

Term
Which E. coli produces large quantities of toxin that cause severe damage to mucosa?
Definition
O157:H7
Term
What is the difference between enterotoxigenic and enteropathogenic E. coli?
Definition
enteropathogenic deforms microvilli of intestinal epithelial cells
Term
Enterohemorrhagic E coli (O157:H7) presents how?
Definition

hemorrhaic colitis


bloody diarrhea


hemolytic uremic syndrome


hemolytic anemia


renal failure


thrombocytopenia


leukocytes and blood in stool

Term
What kind of E. coli destroys mucosal cells, with focal erosion, pseudomembrane formation, and dysenteric symptoms?
Definition
enteroinvasive
Term

True or False

 

Salmonella organisms do not invade intestinal epithelial cells and macrophages?

Definition

False

 

they do

Term

True or False?

 

Humans are the only host for S. typhi?

Definition
true
Term
What are the two bugs for Salmonellosis and Typhoid fever?
Definition

S. enteriditis

 

S. typhimurium

Term
What are rose spots?
Definition
rose spots are red macular lesions occurring in patients suffering from typhoid
Term
What is the major cause of bacillary dysentery in endemic areas or poor hygiene?
Definition
Shigellosis flexneri
Term
Shigellosis flexneri invades mucosal cells but do not go beyond the?
Definition
lamina propria
Term
Shigellosis flexneri produces a toxin that causes?
Definition

hemorrhagic colitis

 

dysentery diarrhea

 

hemolytic uremic syndrome

 

gray ulcers

Term
Shellfish are a natural reservoir for what pathogen?
Definition
Cholera
Term
Name gram positive sporulating anaerobes?
Definition

 

Clostridum tetani (tetanus)

 

C. botulinum (botulis)

 

C. perfringens

 

C. difficile

 

 

 

Term
What gives you clinical presentation of spasms, rigidity of voluntary muscles, trismus, risus sardonicus, trunk/back muscles, dysphagia, respiratory difficulty?
Definition
Tetanus
Term
What is trismus?
Definition
jaw spasm and rigidity
Term
What is risus sardonicus?
Definition
facial muscle spasm and rigidity
Term
What is opisthotonos?
Definition
trunk and back spasm and rigidity
Term
In a patient you see flaccid paralysis, blurred vision, dysarthria progressing to neck muscles, extremities, diaphram, and respiratory weakness, arrest, and death. What bug caused this?
Definition

Botulism

(C. botulinum)

Term
Which bug releases a toxin that blocks the release of acetylcholine at the synaptic vesicle of cholinergic nerves?
Definition
C. botulinum
Term
In your patient, you isolate a myotoxin that causes cellulitis and widespread tissue hemorrahic necrosis. You notice gas bubbles with edema, crepitus, and skin bullae and scant inflammation. You are worried about shock and death in you patient because you realize that you patient is infected with?
Definition
C. perfrigens
Term

True or False

 

C. perfringens can also cause mild food poisoning due to enterotoxin from meat?

Definition
True
Term
You prescribed an antibiotic for your patient. Two weeks later they complained of diarrhea, fever, and abdominal pain. You found damage to the colon, focal lesions to confluent ulcers, and inflammatory pseudomembrane. You suspect that ____ is flourishing in their colon?
Definition
C. difficile
Term

Exotoxin occurs with which

pathogens?

Definition

strep pyogenes


stap aureus


coynebacterium diphtherie


Clostridiumteteni


Cholera

Term
Damage by endotoxin occurs with which pathogens?
Definition

E coli.


Haemophilus


Salmonella


Shigella


Pseudomonas aerginosa


Yersinia pestis

Term
Damage by direct cytopathic effect occurs with which pathogens?
Definition

variola

varicella

Hep B

Polio

Measles

Influenza

Herpes

Human Herpes 8

Term
Damage by Immune complex occurs with which pathogens?
Definition

Hep B

Malaria

Step pyogenes

Treponema pallidum

Acute infections

 

Term
Damage by anti-host antibody occurs with which pathogens?
Definition

strep pyogenes

 

mycoplasma

Term
Damage by cell mediated immunity occurs with which pathogens?
Definition

Mycobacterium


Lymphocyclic choriomeningitis


Borrelia


Schistosoma


Herpes Simplex

Term

T/F

 

Endotoxin can cause macrophages to make too much TNF and cause septic shock and death

Definition
True
Term

T/F

 

Endotoxin causes macrophages to make TNF

Definition
true
Term

T/F

 

endotoxin results in protective inflammation using Il-6 and Il-8, Il8 induces protective acute phase proteins

Definition

False

 

Il6 induces protective acute phase proteins

Term
Primary infections of streptococcal diseases are?
Definition

erysipelas

aphthous ulcer

paryngitis

pnuemonia

impetigo

pueperal sepsis

abcess

Term
Secondary infections of streptococcal diseases are?
Definition

meningitis

 

endocarditis

 

septicemia

Term
Non-infectious complications of streptococcal diseases are?
Definition

rheumatic fever

 

scarlet fever

Term
pathogenesis of Acute rheumatic fever include?
Definition

vegetations

 

myocardial aschoff body

 

fibrous paricarditis

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