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Asian History: Japan
asian history
46
History
Undergraduate 1
12/17/2009

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Term
Jomon
Definition

(10,000 to 500 BCE)

the culture dealing with pots, rice cultivation rises, the Yayoi dominate them

Term
Yayoi
Definition

(500 BCE to 280 CE)

rice cultivation people, dominate all culture in Japan at the time

Term
Himiko
Definition

(239 CE)

a woman, sent a tributary mission to the state of Wa and ruled for over 30 years, she didn't have contact with anyone but her brother, buried with 100 of her live servants

Term
Shinto
Definition

(the way of the Gods)

its organized and complex. concerned about pollution (contact with the dead or blood) so had purificatio rituals

Term
Amaterasu
Definition

(sun diety)

had own tribal structure, is the top god because of myths

Term
Kofun
Definition

(old tombs, 200 to 550)

opened up old tombs to find supplies, the more opened the more luxurious they became

Term
Haniwan
Definition
pottery figures arranged around the tombs possibly as guardians
Term
Korean immigrants
Definition
Korea to Japan, brought Buddhism and fighting while riding horses
Term
Yamato
Definition

(350 to 550)

close ties to Paekcha, Yuryaka is first king

Term
Yuryaku
Definition
Yamato king, tribute alliances, marriage alliances, tries to orangize different tribes
Term
Yuryaku's domestic reforms
Definition
to have less problems with tribes started connecting them with marriage alliances
Term
Soga lineage
Definition
their daughters be primary consort, so then their grandkids will be next in line and their grandpa be the head.
Term

 

Buddhism introduced

Definition
Mononobe, Makatomi didn't want Buddhist image in canal because their patron diety is the highest.
Term
Prince Shotoku
Definition

(574-662)

he works close with Suiko (new Yamato ruler), he is her nephew.

Term
17 Articles Constitution
Definition
new ideology, of rule for new Yamato rulers
Term
Taika reforms
Definition
look at what the Tang have done and implement it into Japan
Term
Tenmu
Definition

(600s)

the Emperor, they changed succession problems only allow family to rise in power, develop rituals for the court

Term
Jito
Definition

(600s)

Tenmu's wife. becomes ruler herself, first of Japanese rulers to take on the name Tenno

Term
Nara
Definition

(710-794)

capital, used Tang model, reflects social, centralized base

Term
Regime of Codes
Definition
legal codes for anything just like in the Tang, one goal was to check on aritocracy
Term
Emperor Shomu
Definition

(724-756)

the regime of codes reaches peak with him

Term
State Buddhism
Definition
emperor Shomu built temples to prove his power, built pagodas, the Great Buddha
Term
Todaiji
Definition
massive building complex, Emperor Shomu, around 740
Term
Man' Yoshu
Definition

759

written in Japanese writing, takes Chinese characters to represent sound

Term
Nara's internal problems
Definition
elite's benefiting but the other people are doing everything, weak agrarian base, struggling aristocrats, small pox breakout so declining population,
Term
Heian (modern day Kyoto)
Definition

(794-1185)

new capital, the center of Japan

Term
Emperor Kanmu
Definition

 

(781-806)

moves to get away from Fujiwara, controls Buddhism so the other places can become weak, always trying to take the power away from powerful people so they can't rule, his power disappears because of Fujiwara  

Term
Kanmu's reforms
Definition
scraps conscript warriors, takes away positions from bureaucrary (doesn't work out though because of Fujiwara), tries to control Buddhism
Term
Fujiwara dominance
Definition

(900-1050)

take over, still monarch and rule behind the scenes, marriage politics (masters at it), daughter marries emperor so first son would be prince and once a man they take out the current ruler and make him a monk

Term
Fujiwara no Michinaga
Definition

(966-1027)

crushing all his rivals in his own family, descendants control all government

Term
Kukai
Definition

(774-835)

founded Shingon (Buddhism) and founded temple on Mount Koya, pilgramaged all over Japan

Term
Kana
Definition
script: easier way to write Japanese
Term
Saicho
Definition
rival sect of Tendai, becomes leader of Temple
Term
Pure Land
Definition
sects of Buddhism that runs out of Mount Hiei. Life of luxury, have faith in Amida Buddha, appeals to elite, gradually expands because appealing and accessible
Term
Kamakura Shogunate
Definition

(Kamakura period)

people came to him to be his vassale, pushes the court to give him authority, uses new prestige to try and get a new court rank,

Term
new military offices
Definition
military govenors, estate stewards, to give Kamakura Shogunate more authority
Term
Duel System
Definition
all old stuff is still there (Shogun, emperors, aristocrates) right next to the new stuff, neither side controlled everything, both sides needed each other
Term
Shogun
Definition
Yoritomo gets new title, given when generals have done something big or importants, and he keeps passing down the title to his heir.
Term
Hojo Masako
Definition
becomes Shogun after dad arrested and brother killed or hurt by grandpa, adopts orphan when no descendents and says he's shogun
Term
Hojo Regency
Definition
adopts orphan and declares him Shogun so she can be regent and keeps changing them when they get too old
Term
Kamakura "Popular" Buddhism
Definition
new sects, more accessible, easier to reach paradise, preaches Pure Land Buddhism, temples and shrines built by samurai, don't have to do much to reach paradise
Term
Mongol Invasions
Definition

(1274 and 1281)

ignore K. Khan so he launches a mission where the weather defeated him. next time K.Khan beheads the ambassador so Japan creates wall and mongols get angry and attack. Japan holds out until typhoon comes and wipes out Mongols

Term
Imperial Restoration
Definition

(1331)

led by Go-Diago, calls on all warriors to resist Shogun

Term
Ashikaga Takauji
Definition
founder of first shogon of the Ashikaga shogunate
Term
Ashikaga Yoshimitsu
Definition

(1358-1408)

persuaded Go-Diago's descendents to go back to Kyoto and the members of the line will alternate on the throne with the rival line. it was never done though.

Term
Onin War
Definition

(1467-1477)

rights to land among local military groups,

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