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ARTH6B-FINAL-TERMS
Terms for ARTH6B final.
49
Art History
Undergraduate 1
03/16/2012

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Term
sprezzatura
Definition
admirable quality of seemingly effortless grace and natural elegance. The desired effect of nonchalance and charming spontaneity can only be achieved through rigorous practice and constant rehearsal. Applied to artistic practice, the term suggests an (apparently) effortless resolution to a difficult challenge.


ex.: Da Vinci, Mona Lisa, 1503
Term
sfumato
Definition
Italian word meaning smoky, used to describe very delicate, soft gradations of light and shade in the modeling of figures;

ex.: Da Vinci, Mona Lisa, 1503
Term
confraternity
Definition
organization of lay people created for the purpose of promoting special works of Christian charity or piety, and approved by the Church hierarchy
Term
Figura serpentinata
Definition
figures often in a spiral pose.

ex. Raphael, Galatea, 1513
Term
ignudi
Definition
Italian term for the anonymous nudes used decoratively in painting or sculpture

ex.: Michaelangelo, Sistine Chapel, 1508
Term
sacra conversazione
Definition
Italian term for "sacred conversation"; in art, the non-narrative depiction of the Virgin and Child flanked by saints, sharing a single pictorial space.

ex. Giorgione, Castelfranco Madonna, 1504
Term
Disegno
Definition
(Florentine) composition, perspective, and the delineation and definition of depicted objects through outline. Appealed to Rational mind.

ex. Michaelangelo, Battle of Cascina, 1504
Term
Colore
Definition
(Venitian). Colore refers specifically to both color and a clearly evident application of paint

ex. Giorgione, The Tempest, 1503
Term
Facture
Definition
The manner in which a painting is made, especially the handling of paint. This term is usually used when referring to a work of art with very apparent brushwork.

ex.: Rembrandt, Self-portrait as a Painter, 1665
Term
historia/poesia
Definition
Historia = story
poesia = lacks clear narrative structure

ex.: Poesia = Giorgione, The Tempest, 1503
Term
bacchus/bacchanalia
Definition
bacchus = roman god of wine and intoxication
bacchanalia = bacchus' festivals and parties

ex. Titian, Bacchanal, 1518
Term
silenus
Definition
a companion of the god of wine

ex. Titian, Bacchanal, 1518
Term
cassone
Definition
"large case" or "large chest," referring to carved and painted chests used to hold clothing, often given as gifts to a prospective bride for her dowry by her future husband.

ex. Titian, Venus of Urbino, 1538
Term
courtesan
Definition
high-class, expensive prostitute

ex. Titian, Venus of Urbino, 1538
Term
iconoclasm
Definition
the damaging or destruction of representational imagery, usually of religious subject matter, on moral or religious grounds
Term
reformation/counter-reformation
Definition
reformation:The religious movement in the early sixteenth century which began as an attempt to reform the abuses of the Catholic church
counter-reformation

counter-reformation: movement of self-renewal and reform within the Roman Catholic church in response to the Protestant Reformation

ex.: Bosch, Haywain Triptych, 1510
Term
chiaroscuro
Definition
he dramatic contrast of light and dark in painting to create effects of three-dimensionality

ex. Rembrandt, Bathsheba, 1654
Term
anecdotal detail
Definition
Term
vera icon
Definition
true image

ex: Durer, Self-Portrait, 1500
Term
holy face
Definition
Term
sudarium
Definition
sweat cloth

ex.
Term
four humors
Definition
Four humors: choleric, sanguine, melancholic, phlegmatic

associated to attributes

sanguine = blood; choler = angry; bile = melancholic; phelgm = phlegmatic/composed

ex. Durer, Adam and Eve, 1500
Term
burin/copperplate/engraving
Definition
A print made by cutting a design into a metal plate (usually copper) with a pointed steel tool known as a burin

ex. Durer, Melencholia I, 1514
Term
colmar
Definition
alsace,
Term
predella
Definition
The platform on which an altarpiece is set, often decorated with narrative sculpture or painting relating to the main subject of the altarpiece

ex. Grunewald, Isenheim Altarpiece, 1510
Term
genre painting
Definition
painting of everyday life scenes

ex. Vermeer, Woman Holding A Balance, 1664
Term
shrine
Definition
contain idols, relics, or other such objects associated with the figure being venerated

ex.: Grunewald, Isenheim Altarpiece, 1510
Term
everyman
Definition
wayfarer-represent the average person

ex. Bosch, Haywain Triptych, 1510
Term
temptation of st. anthony
Definition
concerning the supernatural temptation reportedly faced by Saint Anthony the Great during his sojourn in the Egyptian desert

ex. Grunewald, Temptation of St. Anthony
Term
fall of the rebel angels
Definition
when the rebel angels fell from the heavens

ex. Bosch, Haywain Triptych, 1510
Term
seven deadly sins
Definition
lust, greed, sloth, anger, pride, envy, gluttony

ex. Bosch, Haywain Triptych, 1510
Term
anthropomorphic
Definition
having shape of human; deadly sins portrayed in art as anthropomorphic

ex. Bosch, Haywain Triptych, 1510
Term
world upside down
Definition
world shown in reverse order; humans become the hunted (hunted by devils)

ex. Bosch, Haywain Triptych, 1510
Term
worldly orb
Definition
Term
ars moriendi
Definition
self help book, art of dying well, tells people to repent before death

ex. Bosch, Death and the Miser, 1500
Term
onspec
Definition
artists are producing works of arts without someone commissioning them with the speculation that someone will buy them

ex. Aertsen, Christ in the House of Martha and Mary, 1552
Term
manna
Definition
miraculous food of God, found by Aaron (Moses' brother) food of god vs word of god

ex. Aertsen, Christ in the House of Martha and Mary
Term
argumentation by example
Definition
t is a term related to stage displays/plays in which arguments would be presented allegorically. In the case of Aertsen's painting, the foreground presents a problem whereas the background presents the solution

ex. Aertsen, Christ in the House of Martha and Mary, 1552
Term
Niclaes Jonghelinck
Definition
rich merchant, sponsored works of Bruegel

ex: The Months works by Bruegel
Term
mahlstick
Definition
a stick with a soft leather or padded head, used by painters to support the hand that holds the brush.

Rembrandt, Self-Portrait as a Painter, 1665
Term
apelles
Definition
renowned painter in ancient Greece, known for winning his competition of drawing perfect circle free hand

ex. Rembrandt, Self-Portrait as a Painter, 1665
Term
clio
Definition
muse of history (attribute = map)

ex. Vermeer, Allegory of Painting, 1665
Term
camera obscura
Definition
An ancestor of the modern camera in which a tiny pinhole, acting as a lens, projects an image on a ground-glass wall of a box. Everything outside projection is unfocused.

ex. Vermeer, Allegory of Painting, 1665
Term
loosely painted
Definition
painted with less focus and clarity; what is out of focus


ex. Velasquez, Las Meninas, 1659
Term
finely painted
Definition
painted with detail and focus; main focus of painting

ex. Velasquez, Las Meninas, 1659
Term
a genre/the genres
Definition
different categories of art
(portraits, still-life, narrative, religious, speculative)
Term
tenebrism
Definition
very intense form of chiaroscuro

ex. Carravaggio, Calling of St. Matthew, 1599
Term
infanta
Definition
princess

ex. Velasquez, Las Meninas, 1656
Term
crosshatching
Definition
creates darker part on paper; creating shadow and highlights

ex. Durer, Self-Portrait, 1500
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