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Art terminology 2
study terms for second exam
66
Art History
Undergraduate 1
06/23/2014

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Term
3 purposes to drawing
Definition
Personal notation, sketch, to record an event; to/for study; to create a final product
Term
A blind contour
Definition
is a method of drawing widely used by art teachers, where an artist draws the contour of a subject without looking at the paper
Term
Hatching
Definition
a technique in which lines are placed in parallel series to darken the value of an area
Term
Cross – Hatching
Definition
is a method of line drawing that describes light and shadow. The representation of light utilizes the white or openness of the page, while shadow is created by a density of crossed lines
Term
Contour – Hatching
Definition
to depict the illusion of depth, by transforming a circular shape into a three-dimensional form
Term
Cante Crayon
Definition
a drawing medium developed in late 18th century: similar to pencil in its graphic content includes clay
Term
3 components to Painting
Definition
pigment, binder, vehicle
Term
Pigment
Definition
provides color usually in the form of a very fine powder
Term
Binder
Definition
is a sticky substance that holds the pigment particles together and attacheds the pigment to the surface
Term
Vehicle
Definition
the medium tool used to transfer the pigment, and binder to the canvas surface; makes the paint a liquid, and can be added to the paint for thinning
Term
Gesso
Definition
a mixture of glue and chalk, thinned with water and applied as ground before painting with oil or egg tempera
Term
Watercolor
Definition
also aquarelle from French, is a painting method in which the paints are made of pigments suspended in a water-soluble vehicle
Term
Gouache
Definition
is a type of paint consisting of pigment, a binding agent (usually gum arabic), and sometimes added inert material, designed to be used in an opaque method
Term
Egg Tempera
Definition
is a permanent, fast drying painting medium consisting of colored pigment mixed with a water soluble binder medium (usually a glutinous material such as egg yolk or some other size). Tempera also refers to the paintings done in this medium.
Term
Opaque
Definition
not transparent or translucent; impenetrable to light; not allowing light to pass through
Term
Impasto
Definition
thick paint applied to a surface in a heavy manner, having the appearance and consistency of buttery paste or of cake frosting
Term
Fresco
Definition
A technique in which pigments suspended in water are applied to a damp lime-plaster surface
Term
Fresco - secco
Definition
is a fresco painting technique in which pigments ground in water are tempered using egg yolk or whole egg mixed with water which are applied to plaster that has been moistened (using this temper) to simulate fresh plaster.
Term
Giornata
Definition
originating from an Italian word which means "a day's work."
Term
Paint making
Definition
Created by china in 9th century; Then paint making came to Europe in 15th century; Used for saint prayer cards; Playing cards
Term
Relief Print
Definition
The printmaker cuts away all parts of the printing surface not meant to carry ink, leaving the design "in relief" at the level of original surface; The oldest relief print are woodcuts
Term
Intaglio
Definition
this printing process is the opposite of relief printings: Areas below the surface hold the ink
Term
Mechanical process (Intaglio)
Definition
through the use of brute force the artist cuts lines into the polished surface of a metal plate with a burin tool. the process also known as Engraving
Term
Drypoint
Definition
is similar to line engraving. Using a pointed tool with a steel or diamond tip, the artist scratches lines into a soft copper or zinc plate.
Term
Chemical process (Intaglio)
Definition
the process by use of acid chemicals to eat away metal from a plate
Term
Etching
Definition
begins with the perparation of a metal plate. The artist paints the surface of the copper or zince plate with a coating of either wax or varnish that will resist acid
Term
Aquatint
Definition
is an etching process used to obtain gray areas in black-and-white or color prints. The artist sprinkles acid-resistant powder on the plate over parts that need a gray tone.
Term
Advantages of Printmaking
Definition
mass production of books; redistributable
Term
Woodcuts
Definition
is a relief printing artistic technique in printmaking in which an image is carved into the surface of a block of wood, with the printing parts remaining level with the surface while the non
Term
Linocut
Definition
is a printmaking technique, a variant of woodcut in which a sheet of linoleum (sometimes mounted on a wooden block) is used for the relief surface.
Term
Lithography
Definition
is a method of printing originally based on the principle that oil and water do not mix.
Term
Stencil
Definition
is a thin sheet of material, such as paper, plastic, wood or metal, with letters or a design cut from it, used to produce the letters or design on an underlying surface by applying pigment through the cut
Term
Screen printing
Definition
is a printing technique that uses a woven mesh to support an ink
Term
Camera Obscura
Definition
is an optical device that projects an image of its surroundings on a screen
Term
Photography
Definition
is the art, science and practice of creating durable images by recording light or other electromagnetic radiation, either chemically by means of a light
Term
Daguerreotypes
Definition
process (also called daguerreotypy), introduced in 1839, was the first publicly announced photographic process and the first to come into widespread use
Term
Collodian Wetplate process
Definition
was a manner of taking photographs which used panes of glass, coated with a chemical solution, as the negative
Term
Lenses
Definition
is an optical device which transmits and refracts light, converging or diverging the beam
Term
Aperture
Definition
is a hole or an opening through which light travels
Term
Sculpture
Definition
There are two main types, 1. Freestanding, and 2. Relief-Sculpture
Term
Freestanding
Definition
sculpture meant to be seen from all sides is call in-the-round, or
Term
Relief Sculpture
Definition
a sculpture that is not freestanding but projects from a background
Term
Low-relief sculpture
Definition
the projection from the surrounding surface is slight
Term
High-relief sculpture
Definition
more than half of the natural circumference of the modeled form projects from the surrounding suface, and figures are often substantially undercut
Term
Sunken-relief
Definition
the image is made by cutting the relief sculpture itself into a flat surface
Term
Additive (Modeling)
Definition
pliable material such as clay, wax, or plaster is built up, removed, and pushed into a final form
Term
Subtractive (Modeling)
Definition
carving away unwanted material to form a sculpture
Term
Casting
Definition
process by which a liquid material is usually poured into a mold, which contains a hollow cavity of the desired shape, and then allowed to solidify
Term
Lost-wax process
Definition
the mold is destroyed to remove the hardened cast, thus permitting the creation of only a single cast
Term
Mold process
Definition
is the process of shaping liquid or pliable raw material using a rigid frame called a mold or matrix
Term
Assembling
Definition
sculpture made by assembling found or cast-off objects that may or may not contribute their original identities to the total content of the work
Term
Constructing
Definition
is made out of such basic preformed components as metal tubes, rods, plates, bars, and sheets; wooden laths, planks, dowels, and blocks; laminated timbers and chipboards; sheets of Perspex, Formica, and glass; fabrics; and wires and threads
Term
Kinetic sculpture
Definition
sculpture that incorporates actual movement as part of the design
Term
Installation
Definition
an artist transforms a space by bringing into it's items of symbolic significance. The artist treats the entire space as an artwork.
Term
Metal (inlay)
Definition
metal are inserted into the surface of the art piece
Term
Metal (patina)
Definition
by treating metal sufaces with chemical solutions to give the effect of various colors
Term
Wood (inlay)
Definition
coloured materials into depressions in a base object to form patterns or pictures that normally are flush with the matrix
Term
Architecture
Definition
is a science to solve physics problems
Term
Post-and-lintel
Definition
is system with a lintel, header, or architrave as the horizontal member over a building void supported at its ends by two vertical columns, pillars, or posts
Term
Colonnade
Definition
a row of columns spanned, or connected, by beams
Term
Arch
Definition
may be supported by either a column or a pier, a more massive version of a column
Term
Keystone
Definition
the final stone that is set in place at the top of the arch
Term
Arcade
Definition
a series of arches supported by columns forms
Term
Dome
Definition
an arch rotated 180 degress on its vertical axis
Term
Pendentives
Definition
is a constructive device permitting the placing of a circular dome over a square room or an elliptical dome over a rectangular room
Term
Cylinder
Definition
is one of the most basic curvilinear geometric shapes, thesurface formed by the points at a fixed distance from a given line segment
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