Eruscan Period

Etruscans had same gods as greek gods with different names

Made of Terra Cotta

Clothed sculptures (Different From Nude Greek)

Same time as Archeic Period

About Energy, With the odd archeic smile

Eruscan Period

Things all hanging on the wall

 looked like a home

Relief carvings in the wall

Eruscan Period

Made of terra cotta in seperate pieves and filled with ash and some had bones

Picture shows how they ate at banquets but pose is abstract and not realisticly portrayed

Etruscan women had more equal rights unlike greek and early roman women

Eruscan Period

Wolf is an etruscan piece and the babies were added 1500 years later by the Romans

Wolf is a major symbol of the Romans

Eruscan Period

Looks like he is dancing

animated and hollow cast bronze

life size

Clothed (unlike Greek)

Shows contreposto (weight shift)

Republican Period

sculpted to be identified as part of a family

look serious/ responsible

Called Varism (the truth)

Very accurate bust of almost always men

Republic Period

head very naturalistic but the body is less so

different from greeks becuase the greeks had a holistic art (perfect body) and the romans just slapped body parts together.

Republic Period

Looks very greek with ionic columns

The cilla comes all the way out

romans liked to enclose areas

gaged columns

With no sculptures

Republic Period

Building covered ash which is they they are so well preserved

skulptures from greeks along wall

painting hung up

Republic Period

Drawing objects to decorate walls

The romans where good at 3-D or creating illusionary space

Republic Period

Very detailed

Western Medieval

Closonne of gold, garnet and evamel

islamic influence

similarities with sumer art

Wetern medieval

Exageration/Elaseration

took cross and made it fancy

needed good eyes to make

illuminated (drawn on welum/parchment)

Western Midevil

From book of Kells

vey detailed

first letter of the first word in a book

Western Midevil

Crucifiction front cover from Lindau Gospels Codex

covered in cloisonne holding gems

Reposae used

working gold like gold cups of Vladin

Early & High Roman Empire

Pont-Du-Gard

Aqueduct bridge outside of Nimes, France 

proportional large vs. smaller arches 

brought water to the people of Nimes 

Guard River 

Early & High Roman Empire 

also known as Flavian Amphitheater 

Could not have been built without concrete 

Ornamental Greek orders frame the arches in the standard Roman sequence for multistory buildings from the ground up the orders went

1. tuscan Doric

2. Ionic 

3. Corinthian 

Pantheon 

Eary & High Roman Empire 

Hidrians temple for all the gods 

Made of concrete and had 8 corinthian columns at facade

Wide open space inside with no solids

Romans first to conceive of architecture in terms of units of space that cold be shaoed by the enclosures 

Early & High Roman Empire 

Portrait of Augustus from Primaporta 

always appeared as the never aging sone of god 

standing in the pose of Greek statue ofDoryphoros (perfect human) with the exception of his head 

Cupid represents his divene descent from venus 

Instumentalist Sculpture 

Early & High Roman Empire 

Equestrian statue of Marcus Aurelius 

Bronze statue on horse conveying power of roman emperor 

arm out is a gesture of clemency (mercey) 

First to show wearyness of warefar in a Roman Ruler and marks a movement away from Classical Idealism. 

Late Roman Empire 

Basilica of Maxentius & Constantine 

Largest building in Roman Forum 

Architect applied the lessons learned in the construction of baths and market halls

Groin vaults replaced the clerestory of a traditional stone-and-timber basilica 

Late Roman Empire 

Arch of Constantine 

most of decoration from old emporers 

recut the heads of old emperors with constantine's features 

Exhibits a respect for the past in its reuse of second century sculptures while at the same time rejecting the norms of Classical design in its frieze, and paving the way for the iconic art of the middle ages 

Late Roman 

Relief sculpter on Arch of Constantine 

ness a narrative of action than a picture of actors fozen in time.

Rigidity reflects new values that would come to dominate nedieval art. 

Rigidity determined the Rank of those portrayed 

Late Roman Empire 

Portrait of Constantines Head 

revives augustan image of an eternally youthful ruler. 

Christian art gradually began to focus on what they felt (emotional expression) and the use of symbolism 

Art became more abstract and symbolic due to emphasis on faith 

Greek and Roman influences remained strong in the early art of christians 

Flatter images began to be used in mosaics which decorated the interior of churches

after edict of milan in 313 C.E. many roman basilica were transformed into christian churches 

Early Christian 

Catacombs 

large underground burial tunnles underneath Rome, italy 

contain the great majority of examples from before about 400 AD, in fresco andsculpture.

Early Christian 

Old St. Peter's 

was erected by constantine

the first imperial patron of christianity

stood over st. peters grave 

Plan and elevation derive from those of Roman basilicas 

Wide centeral nave with a transept (first of its kind and started a trend) 

Early Christian 

"The good Shepherd" 

chapel ceiling fresco in the catacombs in rome

Early Christian 

Christ as Apollo 

aka Christus-sol from the mausoleum of the julii 

christian reserection as associated with this 

found in a pagan cemetary under st. peters 

During middle ages former Roman empire was no longer under one rule 

constantine shifted capital to to Byzantium and renamed it constantinople  

style was mainly east but influenced western Roman cities (Ravenna, Venice and other western empires. 

Emphasis shifted to the use of symbolism 

2-D images wer flat looking and stylized (I.E. avstracted in the syle of the culture) with elaborately decorated surfaces which showed influence of early persian art. 

focused on large centerl plan churches. 

mosaics were used to brighten the walls and educate people about the Christian Religion 

Byzantine 

San Vitale 

Ravenna 

Not a basilica 

It is centrally planned 

Payed for by Argentarius 

features two concentric (shapes that share same center) octagons 

a dom crowns the taller, inner octogon 

Byzantine 

Hagia Sphia 

Constantinope (now istanbul) 

fusion of vertically oriented centeral-plan building and the longitudinally oriented basilica 

Most important monument of early byzantine art 

its exterior was characteristic of byzantine (plainliness and unpretentiousness) 

Interior

distinguishing factor is the mystical quality of light that floods the building

Dome looks like it is suspended by "a golden chain from Heaven"

Byzantine 

Justinian and attendents 

in the san vitale 

mosaic that reveal the new byzantine aesthetic 

justinian is foremost among the dematerialized frontal figures who hover before the viewer, weightless and speechless, their positions in space uncertain 

expresses the formulas of precedence and rank

Byzantine 

Theodora and attendants 

San Vitale 

justinians couterpart (his empress) 

The fact she has a mosaic is proof of her power as a woman 

Byzantine 

icon of Virgin & Child between saints 

continued the toman tradition of panel painting (like in egypt) in encaustic on wood panels but the style as well as the christian subjects broke sharply from classical models 

icons played an important role in monastic life 

trace of Grco-Roman illusionism in the the personalized features of the virgin

Late Byzantine 

Interior Cathedral of Saint Marks's 

Venice 

model was church of holy apostels at constantinople 

cruciform 

greek-cross plan with five domes and 40,000 feet of dazzling gold ground mosaics 

Late Byzantine

Saint Marks Exterior View 

Greek Horses and bronze statues of the teterachs are outside 

based on a combo of culture (muslum) and persian style of earlier cultures in the middle east 

often an elaboration of Arabic calligraphy and rarely used human figure 

use arabesque which refers to a flowing, intricate pattern derived from words or letters or floral motifs often symmetrically 

architecture oftern uses roman arches and domes with decorative surface elaboration 

No distinction between fine art and functional objects. 

Islamic 

Dome of the Rock

aka (mosque of omar) 

Jerusalem 

errected to commemorate the triumph of islam in jerusalem 

Marked the coming of the new religion to the city 

inside is rich floral and vegetal motifs against a field of gold, it conjures the gorgeous places of paradise awaiting the faithful 

Islamic influenced height 

Islamic 

Mihrab, From mosque at Isfahan in Iran 

Masterwork of iranian tilework

also shows example of Arabic Calligraphy 

Calligraphic and geometric elements are so completely unified that only practived eye can distinguish them.

Islamic Art 

Prayer hall of mosque in Cordoba, Spain 

36 piers and 514 columns toped with unique system of double-diered, horshoe-shaped arches 

hypostyle prayer hall 

some roman influence 

Islamic 

Dome in front mihrab of the mosque in cordoba spain 

prime example of islamic experimentation with highly decorative multilobed arches 

the abstract patterns create a magnificent effect, which mosaics further heighten. 

mosaicists and even the tesserae were brought to spain from Constantinople. 

No people 

Islamic 

Ardabil Carpet 

presents the illusion of a heavenly dome with lamps reflected in a pool of water full of floating lotus blossoms

because there was no wood carpets and textiles were the furniture 

took 26 years to make 

symbolic 

Islam 

Mosque Lamp

Enamal decoration of the glass lamp includes a quote form the koran comparing god's light to the light in a lamp 

Islamic artists perfected highly decorated glass lamps 

Fragile 

Early Western Midival 

St.Mathews page for charlemengne 

ink and tempra on Vellum 

illuminated manuscript

Calm compared to one for Bishop of Ebbo 

Greek and romanesc influence 

Early Western Medieval 

St. Matherws Page of Remies France 

made for bishop of Ebbo 

Frantic compared to charlemengne 

more expressions compared to charlemengne 

comparison shows two different artists with two iterpretations of the same piece

Romanesque (Late Western Midieval)

1000-1200 AD 

romanesque referes to 11th and 12th centuries for art that was similar to Toman style and not yet Gothic.

main use of sculpture was typanum, and consisted of relief carvings to aid teaching of the religion to those who could not read and impress upon them the horrors of hell 

self sufficient closed communities of monkes and nuns.

had thick walls and were called "Fortesses of God" because they served as religious shrines and as a safe haven for traveling pilgrims. 

Romenesque 

Head reliquary of St. Alexander 

during pilgrameges people came to see reliquaries 

a Reliquary is a very eleborate box holding something (like a bone) of whoevers it is

Silver repousse 

Roman like look to it  

Romanesque 

Saint-Sernin 

very big 

very regular and geometrically precise 

called "the pilgramage church" 

made of mostly stone 

Romenesque 

Saint-Etienne 

France 

careful methodical planning for the entire structure 

carolingian and ottonian influence 

Romanesque 

portal of Last Judgment of St. Lazare 

Autun, France

typanum of gods final judgement 

Designed to terrify those guilty of sin and beckon them into the church 

Romanesque 

Bayeux Tapestry 

unique in medieval are 

and embroidery made of wool swen on linen 

tells a story of Normans defeat of the Anglo-Saxons at hastings 

Romanesque 

Hildegard receives her visions from Liber Scivias

 Hildegard was one of the great religious figures of the middle ages 

had a vision while in a confessional and writes a book about it 

towns and populations were expanding 

trade and wealth was expanding 

in france the cathedral was the dominant art form of the gothic era 

cathedrals were viewed as emblems of success 

architecture grew more complex and was decorated with huge elaborate stained glass windows, ribbed groin vaults and POINTED arches 

Gothic period was the beginning of ideas of humanism which strengthened during the renaissance 

Gothic France 

Ambulatory & Chapels of St. Denis 

remodel of the east end of Saint-Denis marked the beginning of Gothic Architecture 

Rib vaults with pointed arches spring from slender columns.

Chapels have stained class windows 

Rebuilt by Abbot Suger 

 key monument of Early Gothic Sculpture 

Gothic France

Notre-Dame Cathedral 

(Paris) 

first large scale use of Flying buttresses which can hold thinner taller walls

Gothic France 

Chartres Cathedral 

(Paris)

 Followed Suger's model from st denis 

stained glass windows and a new type of vaulting. 

Gothic France

Rose window from Chartres

transformed natural light into suger's "Lux Nova"

a gift of blanche of castile, queen of france

geometrical composition 

Gothic France 

Interior of San Chapelle 

demonstrates the principle of stained glass windows inserted everywhere

masterpeice of radiant style from high gothic age 

largest windows at the time 

Gothic France 

Old Testament jamb figures from chartres 

biblical kings and queens of the Royal Portal are the royal ancestors of Christ. 

Display the first signs of new naturalism in European art 

Gothic France 

Annunciation & Visitation Jamb figures

(Reims cathedral) 

all figures detached from the columns and the bodies and arms seem to be in motion.

Figures converse through gesture 

Gothic France 

Virgin of Jeanne d'Evreux 

(St. Denis) 

donated by queen jeanne d'Evereux 

reliquary statuette to the royal abbey church 

intimate human characterization of holy figures recalls that of the Virgin of Paris 

Proto Renaissance 

aka gothic style italy 

1300-1360

all about Giotto 

Large scale fresco paintings 

Proto means First so 

First Renaissance 

Proto Renaissance 

aka Gothic Italy 

Lamentation from Arena Chapel 

(Fresco by Giotto) 

giotto reinvented frescos 

whole chapel covered in frescos 

he made frescos very realistic 

Proto Renaissance 

aka Gothic Italian style 

The meeting of Joachim and Anna from Arena Chapel

Fresco by Giotto 

story is clear 

halos draw attraction to the couple 

composition of piece draws your eyes to the couple 

definition of art during this time was what rich people liked 

means rebirth 

ideas reflect a revival of Greco/Roman thoughts on art and life. 

artists use one point and two point linear and atmospheric perpective in their composition

Education and scientific discovery which is how the greeks were was againa priority 

Early Northern Renaissance (15th Century) 

Located in Burgundy and Flanders 

painting was influenced by illuminated manuscripts and stained glass windows. 

Painting ephasized decorative surfaces, complexity, color, and light. 

Religious and Secular themes were blended & there was a renewed interest in naturalistic protraits 

people payed for art with personal wealth 

Early renaissance Northern Europe 

Merode Altarpiece 

(tempera and Oil) 

merchant paid for to be painted in his home and for them to be in it 

blended christian life and everyday life 

Early Renaissance Northern Europe 

Ghent Altarpiece 

Jan Van Eyck 

patrons painted in the picture 

pictures on it when opened and closed 

Early Renaissance Northern Europe 

 Man in a Red Turban 

Oil by Jan Van Eyck 

Invention of oil painting 

layer after layer so lots of detail 

self portrait of van eyck 

had to of had a mirror 

Early renaissance northern europe

Giovanni Arnilfini and His Bride

Oil painting by van Eyck 

symbolism 

mirror? 

Early Renaissance in Italy (Florence) 

15th century 

artists dicsovered chiaroscuro and revived interest in naturalism in sculpture as well as support fot the arts brought about more interest in secular subject matter 

religion became more humanized individualism became important 

Art was again realistic, (perceptional) based on observation. 

Hollow cast Bronze 

NO OIL PAINTINGS 

Early Renaissance in Italy 

Gates of Paradise 

sculpted by Ghiberti 

2d and 3d 

linear perspective going up the doors 

Early Renaissance in Italy 

Sacrifice of Issac 

Ghiberti 

Dad is facing to the right with arm raised 

was apart of a competition for door commision 

Ghiberti beat Brunelleschi 

movement toward Greek Humanism (Issach is nude) 

Early Renaissance in Italy 

David (the symbol of Florence) 

Donatello Scuplture 

first stand alone sculpture for 1,000 years 

reinvented of greek style poses 

Commisioned by madici family 

Verrochio  was clothed 

Early Renaissance in italy 

gattamelata Equestrian Statue 

Sculpted by Donatello 

 Bronze hollow cast 

Early Renaissance in Italy 

Florence Cathedral Dome 

Brunelleschi 

figured out the fomula for single point linear perspective 

had to come up with new solution to hold up dome with no columns (higher pointed dome and invented machiens to build them) 

Figured out formula for single point linear perspective 

invented higher pointed dome 

came up with the drawing scheme as a way to desighn and measure buildings 

Early Renaissance 

Church of Santo Cpirito 

Brunelleschi 

Payed for by Medici 

looked like old roman architecture 

Flat top Roof 

Early Renaissance 

Holy trinity (fresco)

Masaccio 

 Very illusionistic 

mathmatic used for pictoral organization 

Early Renaissance 

Tribute money (fresco) 

Masaccio 

3 different scenes happening at the same time 

(subtle) single point linear perspective

 example of Chiaroscuro (use of light from an outside source) 

Early Renaissance 

Birth of Venus 

one of the few canvas paintings of the time 

Nude like greek stories 

China 

Guang Animal Vessel 

Bronze 

Funcional art 

China 

development of language based on meaning instead of pronunciation 

Casting Bronze (no wax)

buddhism was a significant influence on art 

Silk Road between western cultures and china 

China 

Terracotta Army 

Qin Dynasty 

found in 1974

surronded burial site of first emporor 

made of pottery material 

China 

vairocana Buddha 

living rock carving 

took 2 centuries to complete 

large sculpture = less detail 

China 

temple vase

yuan dynasty 

porsolin (highly valuble trade item) 

also high temp fire needed 

Made of Kaylin (white clay in china) 

impossible to copy at the time 

China 

Funneral Banner 

Han Dynasty 

Made of silk 

symbolic images (heaven and hell)

art had balance in life (opposite, yin and yang) 

China 

Lady Feng and Bear 

silk scroll painting 

stamps used before caligraphy 

11ft long 

China 

On a mountain spring path 

appreciation of nature 

early focus on landscape 

ferfect composition 

influence of imprestionism