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Art History Terms
Terms
33
Art History
Undergraduate 3
03/13/2012

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Term
Christ as Pantokrator
Definition
Literally "ruler of all" in Greek, but usually applied to Christ in his role as last judge of humankind
Term
Christ as the Good Shepherd
Definition

 

In Early Christian art, Christ often appears as the youthful and loyal protector of the Christian flock.  He said to his disciples, “I am the good shepherd, the good shepherd gives his life for the sheep.”

 

Term
Incrustation
Definition

Wall decoration consisting of bright panels of different colors.

Term
Portal
Definition

 

The grand stone door in Romanesque churches.

 

Term
Monsatery
Definition

A group of buildings in which monks live together, set apart from the secular community of a town.

Term
Pendentive
Definition
A triangular section of a hemisphere, four of which provide the transition from a square area to the circular base of a covering dome.  All though it appears to be hanging from the dome, it is actually supporting it.
Term
Tesserae
Definition

The small pieces of stone or glass used for mosaics

Term
Mosaic
Definition

 

Patterns or pictures made by embedding small pieces of stone or glass in cement on surfaces such as walls and floors.  Technique of making mosaics is also called mosaic.

 

Term
Illuminated Manuscript
Definition

 

A luxurious handmade book with painted illustrations and decorations

 

Term
Mausoleum
Definition

A monumental tomb whose name is derived from the 4th centrury BCE tomb of Mausolos at Halikarnassos

Term
Giornata
Definition

 

the patch of intonaco to be painted for the day.  Only did small sections of paining at a time, and only painted intonaco on the section they would paint that day.

 

Term

Intonaco

Definition

the final, smooth layer of plaster. Made from lime and sand, laid in sections.

Term
sinopia
Definition

 

the final preparatory drawing on the arriccio, typically done in red ochre

 

Term
arriccio
Definition
the first layer of plaster spread
Term
Fresco
Definition

Painting on lime plaster, either dry or wet.  In the latter method, pigments are mixed with water and become chemically bound to freshly laid lime plaster.

Term
Prefiguration
Definition

 

In Early Christian Art, the depiction of Old Testament persons and events as prophetic forerunners of Christ and New Testament events.

 

Term
Orant
Definition

 

In early Christian art, a figure with both arms raised in the gesture of prayer.

 

Term
Catacombs
Definition

Subterranean networks of rock-cut galleries and chambers designed as cemeteries for the burial of the dead.

Term
Cruciform
Definition

Cross shaped plan.

Term
Central plan
Definition

The parts of the structure are of equal or almost equal dimensions around the center.

Term
Longitudinal (axial) plan
Definition

The parts of a building are organized longitudinally, or along a given axis.

Term
Basilica
Definition

 

In Roman architecture, a civic building for legal and other civic proceedings.  Rectangular in plan with entrance usually on long side.

 

In Christian architecture, a church somewhat resembling the Roman basilica, usually entered from one end with an apse at the other.

 

Term
Triumphial arch
Definition

In Roman architecture, a freestanding arch commemoration an important event, such as a military victory or the opening of a new road.

Term
Dome
Definition

 

May be described as a round arch rotated around the full circumference of a circle.

 

An arch rotated on its vertical axis.

 

Term
Rib vault
Definition

There is a framework of ribs or arches under the intersections of the vaulting sections.

Term
Groin vault
Definition

Formed at the point where two barrel vaults intersect at right angles.

Term
Barrel Vault
Definition

Semicylindrical in cross-section.  A deep arch or uninterrupted series of arches, one behind the other, over an oblong space.

Term
Contrapposto
Definition

 

The disposition of human figure in which one part (usually legs) is turned in opposition to another part (usually shoulders and chest.)  This creates a counterpositioning, sometimes called “weight shift” because the weight of body tends to be on one foot, creating tension on one side of the body and relaxation on the other.

 

Term
Lost-wax process
Definition

 

A bronze-casting method.  A figure is modeled in wax then covered with clay.  It then is fired so the wax melts and hardens clay.  Left is a mold for molten metal.

 

Term
Kore
Definition

 

Greek for “young woman” and also an archaic statue of a young woman.

 

Term
Kouros
Definition

 

Greek for “young man” and also an archaic greek statue of a young man.

 

Term
Encaustic
Definition

A painting technique where the artist mixes pigment with wax, and applies it to the surface while hot.

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