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Art History / Stokstad
Chapter 1
61
Art History
Undergraduate 1
08/25/2011

Additional Art History Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Homo sapiens appeared when?
Definition

About 400,000 years ago

 

Term
The sub-species homo sapien sapien, to which we belong, appeared when?
Definition

about 120,000 years ago

38,000 - 30,000 BCE

Term
Old stone age
Definition
Paleolithic
Term
THREE PHASES OF PALEOLITHIC
Definition

Upper (most recent)

Middle

Lower (oldest)

Term
New Stone Age
Definition
Neolithic
Term
Mesolithic
Definition
A middle, or transitional period, identified in some areas by archaeologists.
Term
Dates for Neolithic period
Definition
3000 to 8000 BCE depending upon location
Term
BCE
Definition

Before the Common Era

(Before the birth of christ, before the christian era)

Term
CE
Definition

Common Era

(the time period beginning with christ's birth; coinciding with the christian era)

Term
BP
Definition
Before present
Term
[image]
Definition

western Arnhem Land, Australia

6000 BCE

Term
Representational images in Australia, Africa and Europe began around what date? 
Definition
38,000 BCE
Term
The earliest stone tools date to when and where?
Definition

Around 2.5 million years ago

Sites like Olduvi Gorge, Tanzania

Term

About when did sophisticated stone tools appear?

Why did this change develop?

Definition
1.65 million years ago, due to cognitive changes and the development of manual dexterity
Term
Neanderthals appeared when and where?
Definition

400,000 years ago

late Middle Paleolithic period

Europe

 

Term
Homo sapiens sapiens outlasted Neaderthals due to what ability?
Definition
The mental capacity to solve problems of human survival, Including recognizing and benefiting from variations in environment, social networking and forming of alliances, and thinking symbolically.
Term
What are the worlds oldest art pieces, how old are they and where did they come from?
Definition
Two engraved blocks of red ocher, from Africa, 77,000 years ago.
Term
Describe early architecture from the Upper Paleolithic period.
Definition

Circular oval huts of curved branches and hides with floors, measuring 15 - 20' in diameter (Woodlands)

Settlements in Ukraine and Russia of long curving tusks of the wooley mammoth.

Term

Small figurines of people and animals appeared in Europe and Asia when?

Made of What?

In present day, what term describes these?

Definition

30,000 BCE

Bone, ivory, stone and clay

"Sculpture in the round"

Term
[image]
Definition

THE LION-HUMAN

Hohlenstein-Stadel, Germany

30,000-26,000 BCE

Ivory

Term
[image]
Definition

THE WOMAN FROM WILLENDORF

Australia

24,000 BCE

Limestone

Term
[image]
Definition

 

Woman from Dolni Vestonice

Moravia, Czech Republic

23,000 BCE

Fired Clay

Term
[image]
Definition

 

Woman from Brassempouy

Grotte du Pape, Brassempouy, France

30,000 BCE

Ivory

Term
MEMORY IMAGE
Definition
Those generalized elements that reside in our standard memory of a human head. 
Term
[image]
Definition

Rainbow Serpent Rock

 

Western Arnhem Land, Australia

 

6000 BCE

Term
[image]
Definition

CHAUVET CAVE

VALLON-PONT-D'ARC,

ARDECHE GORGE, FRANCE

32,000-30,000, BCE

PAINT ON LIMESTONE

Term
[image]
Definition

HALL OF BULLS, LASCAUX CAVE

DORDOGNE, FRANCE

15,000 BCE

PAINT ON LIMESTONE

Term
[image]
Definition

BIRD-HEADED MAN WITH BISON

LASCAUX CAVE

DORDOGNE, FRANCE

15,000 BCE

PAINT ON LIMESTONE

Term
[image]
Definition

BISON

Cave painting at Altamira, Spain

12,500 BCE

Paint on limestone

Term
[image]
Definition

BISON RELIEF SCULPTURE

LE TUC D'AUDOUBERT, FRANCE

13,000 BCE

UNBAKED CLAY

Term
COMPOSITE POSE
Definition

Pose in which heads and bodies are rendered in profile, but horns, eyes and hooves are seen from the front.

 

Term
[image]
Definition

Lamp with Ibex Design

La Mouthe cave

Dordogne, France

15,000 - 13,000 BCE

engraved stone

Term
[image]
Definition

Human Fish Sculpture

Lepenski Vir, Serbia

6300 - 5500 BCE

 

Term
[image]
Definition

Tomb with corbeling and engraved stones

Newgrange, Ireland

3000-2500 BCE

 

 

Term
[image]
Definition

Japan's Jomon Pottery

12,000 BCE

Term
[image]
Definition

HUMAN FIGURE

Ain Ghazal, Jordon

6500 BCE

Fired lime plastered with cowrie shell, bitumen and paint

Term
[image]
Definition

Gold face mask

Tomb 3, Varna 1, Bulgaria

Neolithic, 3800 BCE

Terra Cotta and Gold

Term
[image]
Definition

GOLD SCEPTERS

VARNA, BULGARIA

3800 BCE

Term
[image]
Definition

FIGURES OF MAN AND WOMAN

Cernavoda, Romania

4500 BCE

Ceramic

Term
Ceramic technology emerged when and where?
Definition

Japan's Jomon culture of hunter-gatherers

12,000 BCE

Term

Franchthi Cave, Greece

early pottery

Initial usage

Definition
ceremonies especially where medicinal or narcotic plants where used.
Term
Role of the human form in Neolithic figurines
Definition
They mark the emergence of the human body as the core location of the human identity.
Term
When and where did metallurgy develop?
Definition
Europe, 3000 BCE
Term

What were the first uses of metal?

When was this?

Definition

Ornamentation and jewelry

Late Neolithic period

 

Term
Bronze Age
Definition
The period that followed the introduction of metalworking
Term

What is bronze?

 

What were typical uses?

Definition

an alloy of tin and copper

 

used especially for weapons such as daggers and short swords

Term
DESCRIBE THE PALEOLITHIC TIME PERIOD AND THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ART
Definition

3 phases: lower, middle, upper

Art in the sense of image making began in upper

homo sapiens sapiens emerged in upper

Representational images emerged about 38,000 BCE in Australia, Africa and Europe

 Cave paintings, relief images in caves, scupture in the round, Jomon pottery

Term

MEGALITHIC PERIOD

Definition

Megaliths were used to erect ceremonial structures and tombs.

These tombs first appeared in the Neolithic period.

Stonehenge is the best known megalithic monument

Passage graves, i.e., Newgrange, Ireland

 

Term
NEOLITHIC PERIOD, TIME PERIOD AND CHARACTERISTICS OF ART
Definition

8,000 -3,000 BCE

Pottery, sculpture, ceramics, death masks, scepters, metallurgy

Term

BRONZE AGE

Time period, characteristics of art

Definition

4000 BCE - 500 BCE

ornamentation, jewelry, scepters, rock carving (think Sweden)

 

 

Term
SCULPTURE IN THE ROUND
Definition

3 DIMENSIONAL FIGURINES

made of ivory, bone, clay, stone

30,000 BCE

Term
RELIEF SCUPTURE
Definition

Sculpture extending outward from a surface

Term
ABSTRACT
Definition
The reduction of shapes and appearances to basic yet recognizable forms that are not intended to be exact replications of nature.
Term
MODELING
Definition
A type of relief in which damp clay is shaped
Term
DOLMEN
Definition
A megalith tomb, built on the post-and-lintel principle.
Term
CAIRN
Definition
A simple megalith  tomb which is mounded over  with rocks and earth to form an artificial hill.
Term
POST AND LINTEL
Definition

Two upright posts support a horizontal element.

Many variations exist, including stone megaliths and wood.

 

Term

CORBELING

 

Definition

Rows or layers of stone are laid with the end of each row projecting beyond the row beneath, progressing until opposing layers almost meet and can then be capped with a stone that rests across the tops of both layers.

 

Term
HENGE
Definition
A circle of stones or posts, often surrounded by a ditch with built-up embankments.
Term
MORTISE-AND-TENON
Definition
Joints made by a conical projection at the top of each upright (stone or post) that fits like a peg into a hole in the lintel.
Term
BRONZE
Definition
An alloy of tin and copper, made for strength
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